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Справочные и междисциплинарные предметы
Энциклопедии и справочники
Оглавление - The Origin of the Planet’s Toponyms
Alexander Tokiy
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Оглавление
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Ancient protoroots that formed modern languages
1. The sound “l’”
2. The growling sound of aggression “r”
3. “Ra” is the sun, “ar” is the earth
4. The sounds of breathing: “kho”, “go”, “kha”, “ga”, “ka”, “aga”, “po” and others. “Ego” and “echo”
5. The sounds of food: “m” and “n”
6. The sound of food “n” as a negative sound
7. The sounds of water: “s” and others
8. The sounds of contact, knocking and “poking”: “t” and “d”
9. The sounds of drinking: “ms”
10. The protoroots “ai/ay” [aɪ] up and “ia/ya” down
11. The most popular ancient protoroot: “kale”, “gale” and “liga”
12. A combination of breathing sounds and an aggressive “r” sound: “kr-gr”, “rk-rg” and “pr-rp”
13. The sound of food “m” and the aggressive protoroot “r”: “mr” and “rm”
14. The sounds of contact, “poking” and the aggressive sound “r”: “tr” and “dr”
15. Ancient prepositions
16. The combination of protoroots (ancient prepositions) “do” and “no”: “dono”
17. Protoroots “kov”, “sak” and “skvo” in the names of the locality
18. Protoroots “var” and “bar”: about the “berlogas” of ancient ancestors
Ancient toponyms
1. Reservoirs are sources of drinking water. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ms”: Moscow, Mississippi, Damascus, Thames, Maas, Moselle, Mosul, Miass, Misyash, Kamysla, Mzymta, Tsemes, Dagomys, Myshako, Maskaga, Homs, Matsesta, Matsura, Masa, Missouri, Michigan, Muchka, Mozhga and hundreds of others
2. Mesopotamia
3. Descendant, Putamish, Megapotamo, Mesa Potamos and Mylopotamos of Greece
4. About the geographical name Vatican
5. Deep rivers and reservoirs. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “dono”: Don, Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Jordan, Sudan, Covadonga, Sidon, Caledonia, Macedonia, Dongola, Medina, Magadan, Grodno, Andenn, Wiesbaden, Aberdeen, Ardennes, the ancient village of Rudnevo and the city of London
6. Roads on world maps. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ga”: Kovadonga, The Hague, Malaga, Gagra, Gagripsh, Prague, Taganrog, Taganay, Palanga, Senezh (Senega), Kitezh (Kitega), Voronezh (Voronega), Radonezh (Radonega)
7. Roadsby water. The names of rivers and reservoirs formed by the protoroot “ga”: Ganges, Oka, Onega, Vetluga, Luga, Kaluga, Amga, Volga, Koelga, Kalka, Yuga, Pichuga, Lugano, Voronezh, Trubezh, Kuyegan, Voldepyegan, Nyurumyegan, Bug and others
8. Favorite and convenient roads of the planet. Toponyms formed by the root “kale/cale”, “gale”: Calais, Caledonia, Dongola, Kiel, Gelendzhik, Galis, Calcutta, Kalyan, Cagliari, Gulf Stream, Senegal, Oklahoma, Klyazma and others
9. About Lake Baikal
10. Toponyms formed by the practice of “rm” — “rama”: Rome, Ramenki, Ramenskoye, Rambouillet, Ramigala, Ramstein, Ramanagara, Rampur, Ramallah, Parma and Perm
11. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “mr”: Pomerania, Marseille, Marignan, Amur, Taimyr, Morocco, Murmansk, Morshansk, Murcia, Marbella, Morkam, Maardu, Izmir (Smyrna), Mersin, Maruy, Cameroon, Weimar, Gomorrah, Almera, Comoros and others
12. Mountains. Toponyms formed by the “ay/ai” root: Taganay, Ayu-Dag, Ai-Petri, Ai-Foka, Ai-George, Ai-Todor, Ai-Vita, Ayos-Nikolaos, Aikuaivenchorr, Sinai, Aino, Aizu, Odaigahara, Idaho, Iowa, Ai, Uy, Altai, Aigir, Qinghai, Shanghai, Hainan, Haikou, Qiunhai, Hokai, Hokkaido, El Ain, Kailas, Haifa, Dubai, Ain Mlila, Taiwan, Taipei, Aichi, Aichi-Mohk, Aksai and others
13. Mountains. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ya” — “down”: Yalta, Jaffa (Yaffa), Yokohama, Yangtze, Genoa (Genua), Chania and others
14. All rivers flow down. Varieties of protoroot “ya” in the names of the rivers: Yaya, Yauza, Yarenga, Yangchui, Yangoda, Yana, Yama, Yaik, Yayva, Yazva, Klyazma, Yangtze, Iya, Chuya, Zea, Yantai, Vyatka, Yu, Yug, Yuga, Jurga, Yue, Yukon, Yuryuzan, Yekulsau-au-Fiedlum, Yekulsau-au-dal, Iyjoki, Yegan, Velyugan, Kuyegan, Voldepyegan, Nyurumyegan and many others
15. Mountains. Toponyms formed by a combination of the roots “ay” and “ya” (up and down): Ayia, Ayas, Ayia Napa, Hawaii, Sayan, Jamaica, Bejaya. Hagia Sophia Cathedral
16. Mount Olympus
17. Mount Zion
18. “Diry” (holes) on the geographical maps of the planet. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “tr-dr”: Troy, Dardanelles, Trebizond, Dresden, Drissa, Trieste, Tripoli, Tripolis, Trepol, Trshynets, Trzebic, Drammenselva, Truskavets, Drohobych, Drava, Trois, Drozdna and others
19. The cult of fire in the toponyms of the planet. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “pr”: Nippur, Puri, Jabalpur, Nagpur, Kanpur, Rampur, Tiruppur, Durgapur, Singapore, Pyakupur, Piraeus, Pyrgos, Perea, Perdika, Pornik, Perorad, PerrosGirek, Portsmouth, Perpignan, Porto, Pyrenees, Parthenon
20. About the “berloga” (dens) of our ancestors. Toponyms formed by the protoroots of “bp” and “br”: Berlin, Varna, Beirut, Le Havre, Tver, Cambridge, Worms, Bristol, Liverpool, Chebarkul, Strasbourg, Birobidzhan and hundreds of others
21. The city of Paris
22. Roads of farmers and pastoralists. Toponyms formed by roots: “kov”, “sak” and “skvo/squaw”: Moscow, Kovel, Pskov, Krakow, Covent Garden, Kharkov, Glasgow, Kaunas, Sakhalin, Sakasena, Sakmara, Sahara, Squaw Valley and others
Afterword