Слово автора
Дорогие читатели, преподаватели и родители!
Вы держите в руках не просто учебник, а ключ к живому, настоящему английскому языку. Этот труд — результат многих лет исследований, преподавания и глубокого понимания того, что язык — это не просто слова и грамматические правила. Это способ мышления, культура, традиции и история народа.
Я разработала Метод Лингвистического Анализа (МЛА), чтобы обучение английскому стало естественным, увлекательным и глубоким. Он поможет вам почувствовать язык, а не просто учить его, проникнуть в его суть и заговорить легко и уверенно.
{🌿} Если вы — ученик или взрослый, изучающий язык, этот учебник станет вашим верным проводником в мир английской речи, помогая быстро освоить основы и научиться выражать свои мысли свободно. {📚} Если вы — преподаватель, МЛА поможет вам привнести в обучение новизну и эффективность, сделать уроки более интересными и осмысленными. {👨} {} { {}} {👧} Если вы — родитель, этот метод позволит вам обучить ребёнка живому разговорному английскому, пробудив в нём интерес к языку через сказки, литературу и увлекательные примеры.
Этот учебник — не просто сборник упражнений, а толчок к полному погружению в английскую культурную среду. Вы не просто выучите язык, вы начнёте думать на нём, чувствовать его и использовать естественно в общении.
Я верю, что каждый может овладеть английским языком, если подойти к обучению с душой и вдохновением. Пусть этот учебник станет для вас другом и проводником в этот удивительный мир!
С любовью к языку и культуре,
Алена Погодина Гюндюз
Схема логического сопоставления:
Первый этап в обучении — Аудирование как ключ к фонетическому знанию:
Для достижения успехов в произношении после прослушивания аудиоматериалов повторите услышанную фразу, стараясь максимально точно воспроизвести звуки, следя за интонацией, ритмом голоса и паузами. Повторяйте до тех пор, пока не почувствуете результат.
Второй этап — Логическое Анализирование (ЛА):
Для понимания структуры языка и национального мышления народности-носителя данного языка, необходимо ЛА в выстраивании связей между субъектами предложения. Таким образом, поняв позиции П (признак) + С (субьект), Д (действие) и +В (второстепенное), возникнет понимание структуры мышления на этом языке и как результат вы научитесь самостоятельно, на подсознательном уровне, выстраивать логическую цепочку и развивать грамотную речь.
Третий (заключительный) этап — развитие разговорных навыков через расширение лексического запаса.
На данном этапе самое важное — это понять историю языка через его культурные особенности и историю страны, где он был создан. Этот этап очень важен для формирования твердых навыков и понимания культурного и мировоззренческого аспекта народа-носителя данного языка, что является ключом к пониманию души народа и его культурного развития.
Успехов Вам в обретении Знаний!
Outcome at the End of this book
Mastery of the alphabet, pronunciation, and basic expressions.
Ability to introduce oneself, ask simple questions, and understand basic sentences.
Cultural understanding through short literary works and discussions.
Confidence in speaking and listening through interactive activities.
Introduction to the Language
Lesson 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation
Essential English Phrases for Daily Communication
Learn essential English phrases for daily interactions, including time-specific greetings, polite expressions, and basic conversation starters. These fundamental phrases will help you navigate everyday social situations.
Understanding and using proper greetings is crucial in English-speaking cultures. These phrases form the foundation of polite communication and can make a significant difference in both personal and professional settings. Remember that tone and body language are just as important as the words themselves.
Remember
I walk /
He walks You sing /
She sings We dance /
They dance
Expressions for Polite Requests and Responses
Mastering polite requests and responses is crucial for smooth communication. To make a request, use phrases like «**Could you please…?**» or «**Would you be so kind as to…?**». The response «**Yes, of course**» or «**No problem**» demonstrates your willingness to help. If you can’t fulfill the request, politely explain why and offer an alternative solution. Practice using these expressions in various scenarios to improve your communication skills.
Basic Phrases for Introductions
My name is… —
Used to introduce yourself. For example: «My name is Olga.»
1.
What’s your name? —
A polite way to ask someone’s name.
2.
I’m from… —
Indicates where you are from. For example: «I’m from Russia.»
3.
Where are you from? —
A less formal version of asking someone’s origin.
4.
Nice to meet you! —
Expresses joy at meeting someone.
5.
How old are you? —
A formal way to ask someone’s age.
6.
I’m… years old —
An answer to a question about age. For example: «I’m 25 years old.»
7.
What do you do? —
A question about someone’s profession or occupation.
8.
I work as a… —
Used to answer a question about work. For example: «I work as a doctor.»
9.
I’m studying at… —
A phrase to indicate a place of study.
Mastering these basic phrases will help you navigate everyday conversations with confidence. You can also use them as building blocks for more engaging interactions.
To make your conversations more lively and interesting, consider asking questions like: «What are you doing?» or «What’s your favorite book?» To show your interest in the other person, ask about their hobbies or what they’re passionate about.
Remember, a key element of successful communication is politeness. So, even if you don’t know how to answer a question or how to continue a conversation, you can always say: «Sorry, but I don’t know.» or «That’s an interesting question, let me think.»
These phrases will show that you respect the person and want to continue the conversation.
Introducing Yourself
Dialogue 1: Basic Introduction
Person A: Hello! What’s your name?
Person B: Hi! My name is [Name]. What’s your name?
Person A: My name is [Name]. Where are you from?
Person B: I am from [Country/City]. And you?
Person A: I am from [Country/City]. Nice to meet you!
Person B: Nice to meet you too!
Dialogue 2: Talking About Likes
Person A: What do you like to do?
Person B: I like to [read books/draw/cook]. And you?
Person A: I like to [play music/watch movies].
Person B: That’s interesting!
Create your own dialogue, Practice with your friend!
Describing a Person
Dialogue 3: Describing Someone
Person A: Who is this?
Person B: This is my friend. Her name is Anna.
Person A: What does she look like?
Person B: She is tall and has brown hair.
Person A: What does she like to do?
Person B: She likes to paint and read books.
Dialogue 4: Guess the Person
Person A: I will describe someone. Try to guess!
Person B: Okay!
Person A: He is very tall and has a long beard. He always carries a big stick.
Person B: Is it a wizard?
Person A: Yes!
Describing an Object
Dialogue 5: Describing an Object
Person A: What is this?
Person B: This is a book.
Person A: What color is it?
Person B: It is red and has gold letters.
Person A: What is it about?
Person B: It is about a magical adventure.
Dialogue 6: Guess the Object
Person A: I will describe something. You guess!
Person B: Alright!
Person A: It is round, orange, and you can eat it.
Person B: Is it an orange?
Person A: Yes!
Days of the Week and Time Expressions
Days of the Week
Standard Order:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Common Abbreviations:
Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri, Sat, Sun
Useful Phrases:
— «See you on Monday!»
— «The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday.»
— «The shop is closed on Sundays.»
Time Expressions
Past Time:
yesterday, last week, last month, the day before yesterday, last year
Present Time:
today, this morning, this afternoon, tonight, now, at the moment
Future Time:
tomorrow, next week, next month, the day after tomorrow, next year
Parts of the Day:
morning, afternoon, evening, night
Example Sentences
Past: — «I went to the park yesterday.» — «We had a meeting last Tuesday.» — «She visited her grandmother last week.»
Present: — «I am studying English this morning.» — «They are having lunch at the moment.» — «We are in class right now.»
Future: — «I will study tomorrow.» — «The concert is next Saturday.» — «We’re going on vacation next month.»
Common Phrases with Time
«What day is it today?»
«Have a nice weekend!»
«See you next week!»
«Same time tomorrow?»
«Are you free on Friday?»
Practice Activities:
Days and Time
Activity 1: Arrange the Days
Start from any day and arrange the full week
Arrange only weekdays or weekend days
Say what day comes before/after
Activity 2: Fill in the Blanks
Provide sentences with missing words for students to complete:
«_____ is the day after Monday.» (Tuesday)
«We have a lesson on _____.»
«The weekend starts on _____.» (Saturday)
«The first day of the week is _____.» (Sunday)
«_____ comes between Wednesday and Friday.» (Thursday)
Activity 3: Matching Game
Match time expressions with sentences:
«Yesterday» → «I played soccer.»
«Tomorrow» → «I will go shopping.»
«Next week» → «We are going on vacation.»
«Last month» → «They moved to a new house.»
«Tonight» → «We’re having dinner with friends.»
Activity 4: Time Expression Chain
«Yesterday I went to school.»
«Today I am studying English.»
«Tomorrow I will play basketball.»
«Next week I’m going to visit my grandmother.»
Activity 5: Weekly Schedule Creation
Create your ideal week schedule using days and time expressions:
Example schedule entries:
«On Monday mornings, I go swimming.»
«Every Wednesday afternoon, I have music class.»
«During the weekend, I spend time with my family.»
Words and phrases for dialogue
Words you’ll need in everyday life
Cafe
A cozy cafe where you can enjoy coffee and pastries.
People
Friends, couples, and groups of people enjoying their
time at the cafe.
Autumn
The season of fall, with its vibrant colors and crisp air.
Smiles
Smiling faces, reflecting the friendly conversations and
warm atmosphere.
Table
A small table outside, perfect for enjoying the autumn
weather.
Drinks
Coffee, tea, and hot chocolate, all perfect for warming up
on a chilly day.
Atmosphere
The cafe has a warm, cozy, and welcoming atmosphere.
Lighting
Soft lamplight, candles, and a warm glow that creates a
relaxing ambiance.
Sign
A menu board on the street, advertising the cafe’s
offerings.
Flowers
Flower pots and autumn bouquets add a touch of beauty
to the cafe’s decor.
Vocabulary for describing a cafe and its atmosphere
Facade
The cafe’s exterior, showcasing its
signs, decorations, and inviting
windows.
Window
Large windows that offer a glimpse
into the cafe’s cozy and inviting
interior.
Display case
A glass cabinet showcasing
tempting pastries and desserts
that entice passersby.
Decor
Decorative elements that add
charm and personality to the cafe,
creating a unique and welcoming
atmosphere.
Lamp / Lantern
Street lighting, such as vintage
street lamps, that enhance the
cafe’s ambiance and create a
warm, inviting glow.
Menu
A board displaying the cafe’s
offerings or a traditional menu,
tempting patrons with delicious
options.
Interior
The cafe’s interior design, often
featuring wooden shelves and floral
arrangements, creating a cozy and
inviting space.
Soft light
Pleasant lighting that creates a
cozy and inviting atmosphere,
perfect for relaxing and enjoying a
warm beverage.
Tile
Tiles on the floor or walls, adding a
touch of style and sophistication to
the cafe’s overall design.
Corner
A cozy corner in the cafe, offering a comfortable spot to
relax, enjoy the atmosphere, and savor a delicious treat.
Warmth
The warmth from the lighting, conversation, and the
overall atmosphere of the cafe, creating a sense of
comfort and well-being.
Vocabulary for describing autumn nature
Leaf fall
A graceful cascade of leaves creates a mesmerizing
carpet of vibrant hues on the ground.
Leaves
Autumn leaves, ablaze in shades of fiery red, golden
yellow, and rich orange, transform the landscape into a
vibrant canvas.
Trees
Trees, adorned with autumn foliage, stand as majestic
sentinels, framing the cafe and adding a touch of nature’s
artistry.
Orange color
Autumn’s signature color, infusing the leaves, flowers, and
even the cafe’s atmosphere with warmth and vibrancy.
Coolness
The crisp, refreshing air of autumn invigorates the senses,
promising a season of tranquility and beauty.
Scarf
A cozy scarf, a comforting accessory for the autumn
season, offering both warmth and a touch of stylish
elegance.
Sweater
A plush sweater, perfect for the cool autumn weather,
provides warmth and comfort, making every moment a
cozy delight.
Coat
A light coat or jacket, a versatile companion for autumn’s
unpredictable weather, offering both style and
protection.
Umbrella
An umbrella, a practical shield against autumn’s
occasional showers, adds a touch of color and charm to
the scene.
Autumn wind
A gentle autumn wind whispers through the leaves,
creating a soothing symphony of nature’s beauty.
Vocabulary for describing people and their interactions
Patrons
Those who visit the cafe, enjoying coffee, pastries, and
good company.
Waiter
The person who serves the patrons, taking orders and
delivering drinks and snacks.
Chat
Engaging in friendly conversations and catching up over
coffee.
Laugh
Sharing laughter, smiles, and joy, creating a warm and
welcoming atmosphere.
Understanding
Expressing empathy and understanding, fostering a
sense of connection.
Meeting
A gathering of friends, a long-awaited meeting filled with
catching up and shared memories.
Memories
Recalling past experiences, discussing pleasant moments
and creating new ones.
Conversation
Engaging in conversations about work, travel, news, and
other topics.
Care
Showing care and attention to each other, creating a
supportive and friendly environment.
Enjoy
Savor the moment, the atmosphere, and the company,
appreciating the simple pleasures of life.
Vocabulary for describing food and drinks
Coffee
Popular coffee beverages such as latte, cappuccino,
espresso, and Americano, perfect for a cozy cafe
experience.
Tea
A wide variety of teas, including green, black, and herbal
tea, all perfect for enjoying in a cozy cafe.
Hot chocolate
A warm and comforting drink, perfect for chilly autumn
days, providing a delightful warm embrace.
Pastry
Delectable desserts and sweet treats, perfect for
indulging in alongside a cup of coffee or tea.
Bun
Cinnamon rolls and other fresh-baked goods, a classic
cafe treat that satisfies your sweet cravings.
Cake
Small cakes and pies, adding a touch of sweetness and
elegance to your cafe experience.
Muffin
Small muffins, a convenient and tasty snack perfect for a
quick and satisfying bite.
Sandwich
Light and filling sandwiches, a perfect option for a quick
and satisfying bite to eat.
Cream
A delightful addition to coffee or hot chocolate, adding a
touch of richness and sweetness to your drink.
Spices
Cinnamon, cardamom, and other spices often used in
autumn drinks, adding a touch of warmth and flavor,
making them perfect for the season.
Basic Greetings and Phrases
1. Hello — A common way to greet someone. Example: «Hello, nice to meet you!»
2. Hi — An informal version of «Hello.» Example: «Hi, how’s it going?»
3. Good morning — A greeting used in the morning, before noon. Example: «Good morning! Would you like some coffee?»
4. Good afternoon — A greeting used in the afternoon, after noon and before evening. Example: «Good afternoon, welcome to the meeting.»
5. Good evening — A greeting used in the evening, typically after 5 PM. Example: «Good evening, thank you for coming to dinner.»
6. Goodbye — A word used when leaving or ending a conversation. Example: «Goodbye, have a nice day!»
7. See you later — A casual way to say «Goodbye,» implying you’ll meet again. Example: «See you later at the party!»
8. Please — A polite word used when making a request. Example: «Please pass the salt.»
9. Thank you — An expression of gratitude. Example: «Thank you for your help.»
10. You’re welcome — A polite response to «Thank you.» Example: «You’re welcome, it was my pleasure.»
11. Yes — Used to agree or affirm something. Example: «Yes, I would love to join you.»
12. No — Used to disagree or deny something. Example: «No, I’m afraid I can’t make it today.»
13. Excuse me — A polite way to get someone’s attention or apologize for interrupting. Example: «Excuse me, could you tell me the time?»
14. Sorry — An expression used to apologize for a mistake. Example: «Sorry, I didn’t mean to bump into you.»
15. How are you? — A common question to ask about someone’s well-being. Example: «Hi John, how are you?»
16. I’m fine, thank you. — A standard response to «How are you?» Example: «I’m fine, thank you. How about you?»
17. What’s your name? — A question asking for someone’s name. Example: «Hello, what’s your name?»
18. My name is… — A way to introduce yourself by name. Example: «My name is Sarah.»
19. Where are you from? — A question to ask about someone’s place of origin. Example: «Where are you from? I notice you have an interesting accent.»
20. I’m from… — A way to state your place of origin. Example: «I’m from Canada, specifically Toronto.»
Additional Casual Greetings
Hey — Very informal greeting, use only with friends
What’s up? — Informal way to ask how someone is doing
How’s it going? — Casual way to ask about someone’s well-being
Long time no see — Used when meeting someone you haven’t seen in a while
Take care — A friendly way to say goodbye
Practice Scenarios
Scenario 1: Meeting someone for the first time
Person A: «Hello, I’m John. Nice to meet you!»
Person B: «Hi John, I’m Sarah. Nice to meet you too!»
Person A: «Where are you from, Sarah?»
Person B: «I’m from Australia. How about you?»
Comprehension Questions for Scenario 1:
What are the names of the two people in the conversation?
Which country is Sarah from?
What kind of greeting do they use?
Is it formal or informal?
What cultural elements can you identify in this conversation?
How would you continue this conversation?
Scenario 2: At a coffee shop
Customer: «Excuse me, please.»
Barista: «Good morning! How can I help you?»
Customer: «Could I have a coffee, please?»
Barista: «Of course! Here you are.»
Customer: «Thank you very much!»
Barista: «You’re welcome. Have a nice day!»
Comprehension Questions for Scenario 2:
How many polite expressions can you identify in this dialogue?
Why does the customer start with «Excuse me»?
What makes this a formal or polite conversation?
How could you make this conversation more casual?
What time of day is this conversation taking place?
How do you know?
Regional Variations
In British English, you might hear «Cheers» instead of «Thank you» or «Goodbye» In American English, «How are you?» is often shortened to «How’re you?» In Australian English, «G’day» is a common informal greeting.
Practice these phrases regularly in different contexts to become more comfortable with them. Remember that body language and tone of voice are also important parts of greeting someone in English-speaking cultures.
Daily Communication & Basic Greetings
A Day at School Characters
Emma — A friendly girl Tom — A cheerful boy Ms. Lily — Their teacher
Morning Greetings
• Emma: Hi, Tom! Good morning!
• Tom: Good morning, Emma! How are you today?
• Emma: I’m great, thanks! How about you?
• Tom: I’m good too! Did you do your homework?
• Emma: Yes, I did! It was easy.
In the Classroom
• Ms. Lily: Good morning, class!
• Students: Good morning, Ms. Lily!
• Ms. Lily: How is everyone today?
• Emma: I’m happy!
• Tom: I’m a little sleepy!
• Ms. Lily: That’s okay! Let’s start our lesson.
Asking for Help
• Tom: Emma, can you help me, please?
• Emma: Sure! What do you need help with?
• Tom: I don’t understand this word.
• Emma: Oh, it means «big.» Like a big apple!
• Tom: Oh! Now I understand. Thanks, Emma!
• Emma: You’re welcome!
Break Time & Talking About Food
• Tom: Emma, what’s for lunch today?
• Emma: I have a sandwich and an apple. What about you?
• Tom: I have pasta and some juice.
• Emma: Yum! Do you like apples?
• Tom: Yes, I do! What’s your favorite fruit?
• Emma: I love bananas!
Saying Goodbye
• Emma: Bye, Tom! See you tomorrow!
• Tom: Bye, Emma! Have a nice day!
• Emma: You too!
Key Phrases to Learn
Greetings:
Good morning! / Good afternoon! / Good evening!
How are you? / I’m fine, thank you!
Daily Communication:
Can you help me, please?
What do you have for lunch?
Do you like apples?
Goodbye Phrases:
See you tomorrow! Have a nice day!
Dialogues. next step
Characters:
Emma (16 years old)
Jake (17 years old)
Mrs. Johnson (Teacher)
Mark (18 years old, a new student)
Morning Greetings at School
(Emma and Jake meet in the hallway.)
Emma: Hey, Jake! Good morning! How are you?
Jake: Morning, Emma! I’m good, thanks. What about you?
Emma: I’m great! A little sleepy, though. I stayed up late studying.
Jake: Oh no! Did you finish everything?
Emma: Yeah, but I could use some more sleep!
(Mrs. Johnson walks by.)
Mrs. Johnson: Good morning, Emma! Good morning, Jake!
Emma & Jake: Good morning, Mrs. Johnson!
Mrs. Johnson: How’s your day going so far?
Jake: Pretty good, just getting started!
Emma: A bit tired, but excited for class.
Introducing a New Student
(Emma and Jake meet Mark, the new student.)
Jake: Hey there! You must be new here. I’m Jake.
Mark: Hi! Yeah, I just moved here. I’m Mark. Nice to meet you!
Emma: Nice to meet you, Mark! Where are you from?
Mark: I’m from California. I moved here last week.
Jake: That’s cool! Welcome to our school. Do you need any help finding your classes?
Mark: That would be awesome. I have English class first.
Emma: Oh, great! We’re in the same class. Follow me!
Lunchtime Conversations
(During lunch break, the three sit together.)
Emma: So, Mark, what do you think about the school so far?
Mark: It’s nice! Everyone’s been really friendly.
Jake: That’s good to hear! What subjects do you like?
Mark: I really like science and history.
Emma: Oh, cool! We have history together in the afternoon.
Mark: Awesome! By the way, what do you guys usually do after school? Jake: Sometimes we hang out at the café nearby. Wanna join us today? Mark: Yeah, sounds great!
After School Plans
(After class, they talk about their plans.)
Jake: So, what do you guys want to do?
Emma: Let’s grab some snacks first. I’m starving! Mark: Good idea! What’s the best place around here? Jake: There’s a really nice café just a block away.
Emma: They have the best hot chocolate!
Mark: Sounds perfect. Let’s go!
Saying Goodbye
(After hanging out at the café, they say goodbye.)
Mark: Thanks for showing me around today, guys.
Emma: No problem! We’re happy to help. Jake: Yeah, anytime! See you tomorrow? Mark: Yep! See you guys in class.
Emma & Jake: See you! Take care!
Key Phrases for Practice:
Basic Greetings:
«Good morning!» «How are you?» «Nice to meet you!» «See you later!»
Casual Conversations:
«What’s up?»
«How was your day?» «That sounds cool!» «No problem!»
Making Plans & Invitations:
«Wanna hang out?»
«Let’s go get something to eat.» «Where should we go?»
Expressing Opinions:
«I love this place!»
«That sounds awesome.» «I’m really into science.»
Saying Goodbye:
«Take care!»
«See you tomorrow!» «Bye! Have a great day!»
Basic Greetings at Work
(John and Lisa meet in the office in the morning.)
John: Good morning, Lisa! How are you today?
Lisa: Good morning, John! I’m doing well, thanks. How about you?
John: I’m good, thanks for asking. How was your weekend? Lisa: It was nice! I spent time with my family. How about yours? John: Mine was great too. I went hiking with some friends.
Daily Communication — At Work
(Later, John and Lisa discuss work.)
Lisa: By the way, have you checked your emails this morning?
John: Yes, I did. I saw the team meeting invitation. Is it still scheduled for 2 PM?
Lisa: Yes, it is. We’ll discuss the new project.
John: Sounds good. Do we need to prepare anything?
Lisa: Just a few notes on your current tasks.
Social Interaction — At a Café
(After work, John and Lisa meet at a café.)
Lisa: Hey, John! It’s nice to relax after work. John: Absolutely! What would you like to drink? Lisa: I think I’ll have a cappuccino. And you?
John: I’ll get a black coffee. Should we order something to eat?
Lisa: Sure! Maybe a sandwich or a pastry?
John: A sandwich sounds good. Let’s order.
(They place their order with the barista.)
Barista: Hello! What can I get for you?
John: Hi! We’d like one cappuccino, one black coffee, and two sandwiches, please.
Barista: Got it! Anything else?
Lisa: No, that’s all. Thank you.
Barista: That’ll be $15.50. Cash or card?
John: Card, please.
Friendly Conversation
(John and Lisa chat while waiting for their order.)
Lisa: By the way, do you have any plans for the weekend?
John: Not yet. Maybe I’ll go to the cinema. Would you like to join?
Lisa: That sounds great! What movie are you thinking of? John: Maybe an action or drama film. I’ll check what’s available. Lisa: Perfect! Just let me know.
(Their order arrives.)
Barista: Here’s your coffee and sandwiches. Enjoy your meal!
Lisa: Thank you!
John: Thanks a lot!
Saying Goodbye
(After finishing their meal, John and Lisa say goodbye.)
John: This was great! Thanks for meeting up.
Lisa: Yes, I had a nice time! See you at work tomorrow.
John: See you! Have a good evening.
Lisa: You too! Take care.
Key Phrases to Remember
Greetings: Good morning! / How are you? / Nice to see you!
Work Talk: Have you checked your email? / What time is the meeting?
Ordering Food & Drinks: I’ll have… / Can I get…? / Cash or card?
Making Plans: Do you have any plans? / Let’s go to the cinema!
Goodbyes: See you tomorrow! / Have a good evening!
Lets chat
Meeting Someone in the Morning
Emma: Good morning, David! How are you today?
David: Good morning, Emma! I’m doing great, thanks. How about you?
Emma: I’m good, just a little tired.
David: Oh, did you sleep well?
Emma: Not really. I stayed up late reading.
David: That sounds interesting! What book are you reading?
Emma: A mystery novel. It’s really exciting!
David: Nice! Well, I hope you get some rest later.
Emma: Thanks! Have a great day!
David: You too!
Meeting Someone in the Afternoon
Emma: Hi, David! How’s your day going?
David: Hey, Emma! It’s going well. Just a bit busy with work.
Emma: I see. What are you working on?
David: Just finishing a report. It’s due tomorrow.
Emma: That sounds important. Good luck!
David: Thanks! How’s your day?
Emma: Pretty good. I just had lunch.
David: Nice! What did you eat?
Emma: A salad and some pasta.
David: Sounds delicious!
Saying Goodbye
Emma: I have to go now. It was nice talking to you!
David: Yeah, same here. Let’s catch up later!
Emma: Definitely! Have a good evening.
David: You too! Take care.
Emma: Bye!
David: Bye!
Key Phrases from the Dialogue
Greetings & Small Talk
✔ Good morning! / Good afternoon! / Good evening!
✔ How are you? / How’s your day going?
✔ I’m doing well, thanks! / I’m fine, thank you!
✔ What are you up to? / What are you working on?
✔ That sounds interesting! / That sounds great!
✔ Hope you have a great day!
Saying Goodbye
✔ See you later! / Talk to you soon!
✔ Have a good day/evening!
✔ Take care!
✔ Bye! / Goodbye!
Questions for Getting to Know Someone
1. Who are you? — A question to ask someone about their identity.
2. What do you do? — A question about someone’s profession or daily activities.
3. How old are you? — A question to ask about someone’s age (optional, depending on cultural sensitivity).
4. Do you speak English? — A question to ask if someone knows or uses English.
5. Where do you live? — A question to ask about someone’s place of residence.
Numbers from 1 to 200
Let’s learn to count from 1 to 200 in English. We’ll start with basic numbers and then learn how to build larger numbers.
Basic Numbers (1—10)
1. One — The first number; pronounced «won». Example: «I have one book.»
2. Two — A pair; pronounced «too». Example: «I need two tickets.»
3. Three — Pronounced «three». Example: «Three little birds.»
4. Four — Pronounced «four». Example: «A car has four wheels.»
5. Five — Pronounced «five». Example: «Five fingers.»
6. Six — Pronounced «siks». Example: «Six eggs in a box.»
7. Seven — Pronounced «se-ven». Example: «Seven days.»
8. Eight — Pronounced «ate». Example: «Eight o’clock.»
9. Nine — Pronounced «nine». Example: «Nine planets.»
10. Ten — Pronounced «ten». Example: «Perfect ten.»
Teen Numbers (11—19)
Add "-teen» to make numbers 13—19: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen. Special cases: eleven (11) and twelve (12).
Tens (20—90)
Twenty (20), Thirty (30), Forty (40)
Fifty (50), Sixty (60), Seventy (70)
Eighty (80), Ninety (90)
Building Numbers (21—99)
Combine tens with single digits using a hyphen: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-five, etc.
Hundreds (100—200)
Use «hundred»: one hundred (100), one hundred and one (101), one hundred and fifty (150), two hundred (200)
Practice Tips:
Count by tens: 10, 20, 30, 40… to 200 Practice writing numbers as words
Say phone numbers using individual digits Read prices and dates using these numbers.
Sample Words for Pronunciation Practice
Basic Level Words
Cat (pronounced: /kæt/) — A small domesticated animal known for its independence. Example: «The cat sleeps on the windowsill.»
Dog (pronounced: /dɒɡ/) — A common domesticated animal, often kept as a pet. Example: «My dog loves to play fetch.»
Book (pronounced: /bʊk/) — A collection of written or printed pages bound together. Example: «I read a book every night.»
Pen (pronounced: /pɛn/) — A writing instrument used to apply ink to paper. Example: «Could you lend me your pen?»
Table (pronounced: / {ˈ} teɪbəl/) — A piece of furniture with a flat surface, used for work or eating. Example: «Please set the table for dinner.»
Chair (pronounced: /tʃɛər/) — A piece of furniture designed for sitting. Example: «Pull up a chair and join us.»
Intermediate Level Words
Beautiful (pronounced: / {ˈ} bju {ː} tɪfʊl/) — Pleasing to the senses or mind. Example: «What a beautiful sunset!»
Computer (pronounced: /kəm {ˈ} pju {ː} tər/) — An electronic device for processing data. Example: «My computer needs an upgrade.»
Telephone (pronounced: / {ˈ} tɛlɪfoʊn/) — A device for transmitting voice over distances. Example: «Please answer the telephone.»
Garden (pronounced: / {ˈ} ɡɑrdən/) — An area where plants are cultivated. Example: «The flowers in the garden are blooming.»
Advanced Level Words
Encyclopedia (pronounced: /ɪn {ˌ} saɪk {l} əˈ {p} iːdiə/) — A comprehensive reference work. Example: «I found the information in the encyclopedia.»
Photography (pronounced: /fə {ˈ} tɒɡrəfi/) — The art of taking pictures. Example: «She studied photography in college.»
Restaurant (pronounced: / {ˈ} rɛstərɒnt/) — A place where meals are served to customers. Example: «Let’s meet at the restaurant.»
University (pronounced: / {ˌ} {j} {u} ːnɪˈ {v} ɜːsɪti/) — An institution of higher education. Example: «She teaches at the university.» Practice Tips:
Start with basic level words and gradually move to more challenging ones Practice each word slowly, focusing on correct pronunciation
Try using multiple words in a single sentence
Record yourself speaking these words to identify areas for improvement
Use these sample words to create simple sentences and practice your pronunciation. Remember to focus on clear enunciation and proper stress patterns.
Practice small conversations using basic phrases like «Hello» and «What’s your name?»
Dialogue
Meeting for the First Time
James: Hi there! How are you doing?
Sarah: I’m fine, thank you. And you?
James: I’m great, thanks! What’s your name?
Sarah: My name is Sarah. What about you?
James: I’m James. Nice to meet you, Sarah. Sarah: Nice to meet you too, James. Where are you from?
James: I’m from London. And you?
Sarah: I’m from Toronto, Canada. James: Oh, that’s cool! I’ve always wanted to visit Canada. Sarah: Really? You should go! It’s a beautiful country. Do you speak English?
James: Yes, I do! I’m learning a little bit of French too. Sarah: That’s impressive! French can be tricky. James: I know! But I enjoy learning languages. Sarah: That’s awesome! Well, I need to go now. It was nice talking to you. James: You too, Sarah! Have a great day. Sarah: Thanks! Bye, James!
James: Bye, Sarah!
«The Sun and the Moon»
The moon is bright, the stars are high, They twinkle softly in the sky. The cat goes «meow,» the cow says «moo,»
The wind says «whoosh,» and so do you!
The clock goes «tick,» the bell goes «ding,»
Let’s sing a song and everything!
Pronunciation Practice:
Long vowels: blue, moo, you
Short vowels: up, sun, tick
Greetings and Basic Expressions
Saying Hello and Asking About the Day
A: Hello! How are you today?
B: Hi! I’m great, thank you. How about you?
A: I’m doing well. It’s a sunny day!
B: Yes, it is. I love sunny weather.
Vocabulary:
How are you? → I’m great / I’m fine / I’m okay / Not so good.
Weather terms: sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy. earn common
Greetings: «Hello,» «How are you?», «Thank you.»
Introducing Yourself and Your Age
A: Hi! My name is Sarah. What’s your name?
B: Nice to meet you, Sarah. I’m Mark.
A: Nice to meet you, too. How old are you?
B: I’m 20 years old. And you?
A: I’m 18.
Vocabulary:
Age: How old are you?
Responses: «I’m 18,» «I’m 25,» «I’m 30 years old.»
Politeness: «Nice to meet you,» «Glad to meet you.»
Asking Where Someone Is From and Nationalities
A: Hello! Where are you from?
B: I’m from France. I live in Paris.
A: Oh, that’s nice! I’m from Brazil.
B: Brazil sounds amazing. Are you from Rio?
A: No, I’m from São Paulo.
Vocabulary:
Countries and Nationalities: France → French
Brazil → Brazilian Spain → Spanish Russia → Russian Germany → German
Phrases:
Where are you from? I live in…
Asking About Hobbies
A: Hi! What’s your name?
B: My name is Alex. What’s your name?
A: I’m Emily. Nice to meet you! What do you like to do in your free time?
B: I like reading and playing football. What about you?
A: I love painting and listening to music.
Vocabulary: Hobbies:
Reading, playing football, painting, listening to music, dancing, cooking, traveling.
Questions:
What do you like to do? What are your hobbies?
Farewell and Polite Conversation
A: Good morning! How are you?
B: Good morning! I’m fine, thank you.
A: It was nice talking to you. I have to go now.
B: It was nice talking to you, too. See you later!
A: Goodbye! Have a great day!
B: Thanks! You too!
Vocabulary:
Goodbye phrases: See you later. Goodbye.
Take care.
Have a great day!
Polite expressions:
It was nice talking to you. You too.
Additional Vocabulary for Expansion
1. Greetings:
Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening. Hi / Hello / Hey.
How’s it going?
2. Responses to «How are you?»: I’m great!
I’m doing well.
I’m okay, thanks. Not too bad.
3. Farewells:
Goodbye!
See you soon. Take care!
Have a nice day!
4. Basic Questions:
What’s your name?
Where are you from? How old are you?
What do you like to do?
Goldilocks and the Three Bears
Once upon a time there was a little girl. Her name was Goldilocks. She had golden hair.
One day Goldilocks was walking in the forest. She saw a house and knocked on the door. She went inside. Nobody was there.
Goldilocks saw three bowls on the table. She was hungry.
This porridge is too hot! This porridge is too cold! This porridge is just right!» Goldilocks ate all the porridge.
Goldilocks was tired now. «This chair is too big! This chair is too big, too! This chair is just right!» But the chair broke!
Goldilocks was very tired. She went upstairs. «This bed is too hard! This bed is too soft! This bed is just right!»
Soon, the bears came home.
«Someone’s been eating my porridge!» said Daddy Bear.
«Someone’s been eating my porridge!» said Mummy Bear.
«Someone’s been eating my porridge — and it’s all gone!» said Baby Bear.
«Someone’s been sitting on my chair!» said Daddy Bear.
«Someone’s been sitting on my chair!» said Mummy Bear.
«Someone’s been sitting on my chair — and it’s broken!» said Baby Bear.
«Someone’s been sleeping in my bed!» said Daddy Bear.
«Someone’s been sleeping in my bed!» said Mummy Bear.
«Someone’s been sleeping in my bed — and she’s still there!» said Baby Bear.
Goldilocks woke up and saw the three bears. «Help!» She ran downstairs and into the forest. She never came back again.
Introducing Yourself
Phrases: «My name is…”, «I am from…”, «I like…»
Combined Example Introductions:
1. Name: «Hello! My name is Anna.»
2. Country: «I am from Italy.»
3. Hobby: «I like drawing and painting.»
Countries
Students can choose or practice saying where they are from using these country names:
Hobbies
Here’s a list of common hobbies for students to practice saying what they like:
Reading books
Playing football (soccer)
Drawing or painting
Listening to music
Cooking
Watching movies
Traveling
Dancing
Swimming
Cycling
Playing guitar (or another instrument)
Learning languages
Photography
Playing video games
Running or jogging
Writing stories or poems
Example Practice:
«I like playing football.» «I like reading books.»
Dialogue 1: Emma and Alex
Emma: Hello! My name is Emma. What is your name?
Alex: Hi! My name is Alex.
Emma: Nice to meet you, Alex. Where are you from?
Alex: I am from Spain. And you?
Emma: I am from Canada.
Alex: What do you like?
Emma: I like reading books. What do you like?
Alex: I like playing the guitar.
Dialogue 2: Daniel and Sara
Daniel: Hello! My name is Daniel. What is your name?
Sara: Hi! My name is Sara.
Daniel: Nice to meet you, Sara. Where are you from?
Sara: I am from Italy. Where are you from? Daniel: I am from England. Do you like sports? Sara: Yes, I like soccer. And you?
Daniel: I like basketball.
Sara: Cool! What else do you like?
Daniel: I like listening to music.
Dialogue 3: Maria and Tom
Maria: Hello! My name is Maria. What is your name?
Tom: Hi! My name is Tom.
Maria: Where are you from, Tom?
Tom: I am from Australia. Where are you from?
Maria: I am from Brazil.
Tom: What is your favorite food?
Maria: My favorite food is pizza. And yours?
Tom: I love pasta. What is your favorite color? Maria: My favorite color is blue. What about you? Tom: I like green.
Simple Questions
question words: «What?», «Where?», «Who?» At the Park
Anna: Hello! What is your name? Tom: My name is Tom. And you? Anna: I am Anna. Nice to meet you!
Tom: Nice to meet you too! Where are you from?
Anna: I am from Russia. And you?
Tom: I am from England. Do you like this park?
Anna: Yes, I do. It is very nice. What do you like to do here?
Tom: I like to walk and read books. What about you?
Anna: I like to sit under the trees. I read, too.
Tom: Great! Who is your favorite author?
Anna: My favorite author is Alexander Pushkin. Do you know him?
Tom: Yes! I like his stories!
Vocabulary and Grammar Focus
Questions: «What?», «Where?», «Who?», «Do you like…?»
Responses: «I am…”, «My name is…”, «I like…»
New Words: park, walk, read, trees, author, favorite
New Words
1. Park (noun)
Definition: A public place with grass, trees, and benches where people relax, walk, or play.
Example: «I go to the park to read my book.»
Visual Tip: Show a picture of a park with trees, paths, and people.
2. Walk (verb)
Definition: To move by putting one foot in front of the other at a slow pace.
Example: «I like to walk in the park in the evening.»
Activity: Ask students to act out the action of walking.
3. Read (verb)
Definition: To look at words in a book, newspaper, or story and understand their meaning.
Example: «I read books every day.»
Follow-Up: Show a simple book and ask students, «Do you read at home?»
4. Trees (noun)
Definition: Tall plants with a trunk, branches, and green leaves.
Example: «There are many trees in the park.»
Visual Tip: Use a picture of trees in a park or forest to explain.
5. Author (noun)
Definition: A person who writes books, stories, or poems.
Example: «Alexander Pushkin is a famous author.»
Cultural Connection: Share a famous author from the target language’s culture.
6. Favorite (adjective)
Definition: Something you like the most or more than others.
Example: «Pushkin is my favorite author.»
Activity: Ask students questions like: «What is your favorite book?»
«Who is your favorite singer?»
Form short sentences with each word:
Example: «I like the park.» «I read every day.»
«My favorite color is blue.»
Cultural Insight: Comparing Greeting Customs in Different Regions of England and the USA
England: Greeting Customs
1. Formal and Polite
English greetings tend to be more reserved and polite.
Common greetings:
«Hello» or «Good morning/afternoon/evening» in formal situations.
«How do you do?» — This is a very formal greeting, though less common today.
Handshake: A firm handshake is standard in professional settings or when meeting someone for the first time.
2. Regional Variations:
In London: People may simply say «Hi» or «Hello» without physical contact, as the culture can be more formal and busy. In Northern England (e.g., Yorkshire): You might hear a friendly «Ey up!» or «Alright?» instead of «Hello.»
In Southwest England (e.g., Cornwall): People might say «Morning!» or «Alright, my lover?» — a regional phrase with a warm tone.
3. Casual Situations:
In informal settings, people often greet with «Hi» or «Hey.»
Follow-up question: «You alright?» — This is equivalent to asking, «How are you?» but doesn’t always require a detailed answer.
USA: Greeting Customs
1. Friendly and Outgoing
Americans tend to be more casual and friendly in greetings, even with strangers.
Common greetings:
«Hi» or «Hey» (most common in casual situations). «Hello» is more formal but still widely used.
Follow-up question: «How are you?» — Often used as part of the greeting, though it’s usually rhetorical.
2. Regional Variations:
In the South (e.g., Texas, Georgia): Greetings are very warm and polite. People often say: «Howdy!» (short for «How do you do?»)
«Good morning, y’all!» («Y’all» = «you all»).
Handshakes and even friendly hugs are common.
In the Northeast (e.g., New York, Boston): Greetings can be shorter and quicker due to the fast-paced lifestyle. «Hi,» «Hey,» or a nod of acknowledgment is common.
People may skip small talk altogether.
On the West Coast (e.g., California): Greetings are very laid-back. «Hey, what’s up?» or «Hi, how’s it going?» are common.
Smiles and casual waves often accompany the greeting.
3. Physical Gestures:
In the USA, a handshake is common for formal introductions. Hugs and high-fives are used in friendly and family contexts.
Eye contact and a smile are expected as signs of friendliness and respect.
Summary Chart: England vs USA Greeting Styles
The First Day in the New Town
Hello! My name is Anna, and I am from a small town. Today, I am visiting a new place. «Where is the market?» I ask a kind old woman on the street. She smiles and says, «It is over there, near the big red building.» I thank her and walk in that direction.
At the market, I meet a man. «Hello,» I say. «What is your name?» «My name is James,» he replies. «How are you?»
«I am fine, thank you,» I say with a smile.
James shows me a basket of apples. «These apples are very sweet,» he says.
«How much?» I ask.
«Two coins for one apple,» he replies.
I take a big red apple and pay him. «Thank you!» I say. The apple is very tasty. «You are welcome,» he says.
After the market, I go to the park. It is beautiful! The trees are tall, and the flowers are small but colorful. There is a little boy playing with his dog. I wave and say, «Hello!» He waves back.
In the park, I meet another woman. «What is your name?» I ask. «My name is Maria,» she says. «And who are you?»
«I am Anna,» I reply.
Maria and I talk for a long time. She tells me about her family. She has a sister and a brother. «My sister is young, and my brother is tall,» she says. «What about you?»
«My family is small,» I say. «I have a mother and a father.»
Before I leave, I say goodbye to everyone. «Goodbye!» I wave at the boy, his dog, and Maria.
«Goodbye!» they say back.
It is a lovely first day in the new town, and I am happy to meet so many kind people!
Vocabulary Included:
1. Greetings and expressions: Hello, goodbye, how are you, thank you, you are welcome.
2. Questions: What, where, who, how much.
3. Simple phrases: My name is, I am from, I am fine.
4. Basic vocabulary: Apple, red, big, small, tall, family, mother, father, sister, brother.
5. Cultural context: Visiting the market, talking to strangers, describing family.
Understanding the Simple Grammar Story: «The First Day in the New Town»
This story is an excellent example of a simple grammar text, designed as the first step toward education and language comprehension. It introduces learners to basic sentence structures, essential vocabulary, and everyday conversations in a natural and engaging way.
1. Grammar and Sentence Structure
The story uses basic present and present continuous tenses, which are fundamental for early learners. «My name is Anna.» (Simple Present — stating a fact)
«Today, I am visiting a new place.» (Present Continuous — describing an action happening now)
Learners can see how questions are formed: «Where is the market?» (Wh-question)
«What is your name?» (Basic introduction)
«How much?» (Asking for prices)
2. Essential Vocabulary and Communication Phrases
Greetings and expressions like hello, goodbye, thank you, you are welcome help learners engage in basic social interactions. Simple phrases such as «My name is…» and «I am from…» provide the foundation for self-introduction and small talk. Basic vocabulary (big, small, red, tall, family, mother, father, sister, brother) helps learners describe people, objects, and surroundings.
3. Cultural and Practical Context
The story reflects real-life interactions, such as: Asking for directions («Where is the market?»). Shopping and discussing prices («How much?»). Meeting new people and talking about family («What about you?»).
This helps learners connect language to everyday experiences, making it easier to apply what they learn in real conversations.
4. The First Step Toward Education
By understanding this simple yet meaningful story, learners take their first step in language acquisition. The story builds confidence, allowing students to see patterns, recognize common phrases, and use them in their own speech. It encourages active learning — instead of memorizing isolated words, students absorb language through context, making it more natural and intuitive.
Conclusion
«The First Day in the New Town» is more than just a beginner’s story — it is a stepping stone into language learning. By mastering simple structures, vocabulary, and conversation patterns, learners gain the tools they need to progress to more complex communication. Understanding and applying these foundational elements marks the true beginning of education in any language.
Quiz: «The First Day in the New Town»
Part 1: Multiple Choice
1. What is Anna’s first question in the new town?
a) «Who are you?»
b) «What is your name?»
c) «Where is the market?»
d) «How much is this apple?»
2. What color is the apple Anna buys?
a) Green
b) Yellow
c) Red
d) Blue
3. Who does Anna meet in the park?
a) James and Maria
b) A boy and his dog, and Maria
c) An old woman and a boy
d) Maria and her family
4. How much does the apple cost?
a) One coin
b) Two coins
c) Three coins
d) Four coins
5. How does Maria describe her family?
a) Big and loud
b) Small and quiet
c) She has a sister and a brother
d) She has a dog and a cat
Part 2: True or False
1. Anna is visiting a new city for the first time.
2. The old woman says the market is near a small building.
3. James sells apples at the market.
4. Anna has a brother and a sister.
5. The boy in the park waves back at Anna.
Part 3: Fill in the Blanks
1. Anna asks the old woman, «is the market?»
2. James says, «These apples are very.»
3. In the park, Anna waves and says,»!»
4. Maria tells Anna, «My sister is, and my brother is tall.»
5. At the end of the day, Anna says,»!» to everyone.
Part 4: Open-Ended Questions
1. Who does Anna meet at the market, and what do they talk about?
2. How does Anna describe her family to Maria?
3. What does Anna find beautiful in the park?
4. Why is Anna happy at the end of the story?
5. What would you ask someone if you visited a new town?
Describe the objects or characters using simple sentences
Vocabulary List: Fairy-Tale Scene
1. Cottage
Meaning: A small, cozy house often found in rural or magical settings.
Example: «The cottage glowed warmly, surrounded by colorful flowers.»
2. Tower
Meaning: A tall, narrow building, often part of a castle or standing alone, with a magical or mysterious feel.
Example: «The ancient tower was covered in climbing vines.»
3. Vines
Meaning: Long, trailing plants that climb walls or structures.
Example: «Green vines twisted their way up the sides of the tower.»
4. Wolf
Meaning: A wild animal resembling a dog, often portrayed as clever or mystical in fairy tales.
Example: «The gentle wolf stood near the cottage, watching over the scene.»
5. Cloak
Meaning: A long, loose outer garment often worn in stories by magical or mysterious characters.
Example: «The wolf wore a flowing cloak that shimmered in the sunset.»
6. Roof
Meaning: The top covering of a house or building.
Example: «The cottage had a red roof that stood out against the trees.»
7. Glow
Meaning: A warm, steady light, often soft and inviting.
Example: «The cottage’s windows emitted a welcoming glow.»
8. Sunset
Meaning: The time of day when the sun sets below the horizon, often creating beautiful colors in the sky.
Example: «The pink and golden sunset painted the sky in vibrant hues.»
9. Flowers
Meaning: Colorful, blooming plants that add beauty to a scene.
Example: «Bright flowers surrounded the cottage, adding a magical touch.»
10. Tree
Meaning: A tall plant with a trunk and branches, often creating a natural setting.
Example: «Lush green trees bordered the cozy cottage.»
11. Mystical
Meaning: Relating to a sense of wonder, magic, or the supernatural.
Example: «The mystical atmosphere made the scene feel enchanting.»
12. Whimsical
Meaning: Playful, fanciful, or magical in an imaginative way.
Example: «The whimsical design of the tower felt straight out of a storybook.»
13. Ancient
Meaning: Very old, often evoking mystery or historical significance.
Example: «The ancient tower seemed to hold many secrets.»
14. Cozy
Meaning: Warm, comfortable, and inviting.
Example: «The small cottage looked cozy with its glowing windows.»
15. Enchantment
Meaning: A magical spell or the feeling of being charmed and fascinated.
Example: «The entire scene felt like an enchantment brought to life.»
Short Descriptive Text: Fairy Tale Inspired
The Magical Cottage
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