Бесплатный фрагмент - Comparative typology of English and Spanish

Copyright

Copying the methodology in order to use this book for writing a manuscript of a study guide, namely: filing foreign / Russian words in brackets or over their corresponding Russian / foreign equivalents, marking up sentences with special notation as shown in this study guide; reprinting, reproduction by electronic means or by any other means of the entire book or any part of it is allowed only with the written permission of the author.

Annotation

The book consists of an exercise to translate a story, adapted according to the methodology © Linguistic Reanimator, from English into Spanish; and of 2 exercises for retelling of non-adapted Spanish and English versions of the same story. The exercises 1, 2 have keys. The story contains 1127 English / Spanish words. By complexity, it corresponds to levels B2 — C1. It is recommended for a wide range of people studying English and Spanish, as well as for native English speakers studying Spanish.

The number of words you need to know for the following purposes of using a foreign language

For «survival» in the environment without a translator — 120

For daily communication on general topics — 2000

For reading simple texts of general subjects — 4,000 — 5,000

Reading difficult texts — 10,000

Native Speaker Level — 10,000 — 20,000

From the author

This book can be used as a tutorial. If you need additional consultations or classes, you can contact me. Consultations / classes in person or via Skype are possible.

My contact details

Tel 8 925 184 37 07

Skype: oliva-morales

E-mail: oliva-morales@mail.ru

Sites:

https://lronline.ru

http://www.m-teach.ru

Respectfully,

Tatiana Oliva Morales

About the © Linguistic Reanimator series

All the English and Spanish language © Linguistic Reanimator Series books can significantly reduce the training period of a foreign language course and improve the quality of learning of new words and normative grammar by a student.

Their advantage is foreign words and (sometimes) transcription in brackets next to the word in a sentence. Using this technique, a student never studied English / Spanish before, having no vocabulary, can begin translating from Russian into English / Spanish, from Spanish into English or from English into Spanish.

The technique allows you to learn new English / Spanish words and phrases easily, and quickly; improving the skills of correct translation into a foreign language.

All the © Linguistic Reanimator Series books have been written for «my difficult students», for those who needed to obtain a large amount of high-quality knowledge in a short period of time. The latter is the aim of all the textbooks of this series.

About the © Comparative typology of Spanish and English series

The © Comparative typology of Spanish and English series books are recommended for English and Spanish teachers or lecturers; for pupils, students, as well as for a wide range of people, learning Spanish and English languages at school, university or independently, as well as for native English speakers learning Spanish.

Highlighting

… — there should be a definite or indefinite article in this place.

! — you should consider what preposition should be in front of the next group of words.

* — irregular verb.

we (nosotros) — English word / its Spanish equivalent.

you (Usted) 2.read (leer) 1.it (lo) — the numbers in front of the words mean their order in the sentence.

your (-) — this word does not need to be translated into Spanish.

white houses (casa.. blanco..) — you should change gender and / or number of the words.

had gone (ir..) — you should change the verb form.

Exercise 1

Translate the story into Spanish.

Albert and Methodius

Albert Veselovsky (Alberto Veselovsky) and (y) Methodius Ponebatko (Metodio Ponebatko) were (ser) childhood friends (amigos de la infancia), as well as (así como) in (en) literature (literatura).

I must (deber..) say (decir) that (que) they looked like (juntos parecerse.. a) Pat and Patachon together (-) — Albert was (ser) excessively thin and tall (excesivamente delgado y alto), and Methodius, on the contrary (por el contrario), was (ser) short and fat (bajo y gordo).

Once (una vez) at the beginning (al comienzo) of (de) summer (verano), the friends (… amigos) decided (decidir):

— It is enough (ser.. suficiente) for (para) our families (nuestras familias) to live (vivir) and undermine their health (socavar su salud) in (en) a gas-polluted city (… ciudad contaminada con gas),

we must (deber..) move (mudarse..) to (a) the country (campo), to (a) some (un) quiet, picturesque place (lugar tranquilo y pintoresco).

3.Health and inspiration (la salud y la inspiración) 2.will be improved (mejorar..) 1.there (allí)!

So they decided and did (así decidir.. y lo hacer..:) — they moved (mudarse..) with (con) their (sus) families to (a) a quiet village (… pueblo tranquilo) with the poetic name «Lermontovo» (… nombre poético «Lermontovo»).

There (allí) the life (… vida) was (ser) bright and free (brillante y libre), at the dawn (al amanecer) they went (ir.. a) swimming (nadar) in () the Volga River (… río Volga),

enjoyed (disfrutar.. de) sunrises and sunsets (amaneceres y atardeceres), the harmony of nature (… armonía de la naturaleza), the originality (… diversidad) of (de) the local flora and fauna (… flora y fauna local).

In (en) the forest (… bosque), which (que) extended (extenderse) from (de) the village (… pueblo) and beyond (más allá), there were (haber) wild boars and bears (jabalíes y osos salvajes), sometimes (a veces) they entered (entrar) the territory (… territorio) of (de) the village, it was (ser) fascinating (fascinante).

And (y además) in that area (en esa zona) there were (haber) many different mushrooms (muchos hongos diferentes), so (por lo que) most (la mayoría) of (de) the locals (… lugareños) were (ser) inveterate mushroom pickers (ávidos buscadores de hongos).

That hobby (ese pasatiempo) even (incluso) turned into (convirtirse) a real business (en… negocio real) for (para) some of them (algunos de ellos).

The mushroom topic (… tema de los hongos) interested (interesar)! our characters (nuestros personajes) too (también), they also (-) decided (decidir..) to become (convertirse en) mushroom pickers (recolectores de hongos).

After taking (tomar) a serious training course (curso de capacitación serio) on (en) the (-) Internet (Internet), on (en) the YouTube channel (… canal de YouTube), on masterfully learning to distinguish (aprender a distinguir magistralmente)

poisonous mushrooms (… hongos venenosos) from (de) completely edible ones (… completamente comestibles), they decided (decidir..) to make (hacer) their first outing (su primera salida) to (a) the forest (… bosque).

Outing for mushrooms

They went mushrooming (irse.. de hongos) at dawn (a la madrugada), having previously bathed (bañarse.. previamente) in (en) the river (… río), dressed correctly (vestidos correctamente),

in order (para) to protect themselves (protegerse) from (de) the bites (… picaduras) of (de) mosquitoes and snakes (mosquitos y serpientes), which (que) lived (vivir) in huge numbers (en grandes cantidades) in the forest.

About two hours passed (pasar.. unas dos horas), the friends gathered (recoger) a lot of different mushrooms, and satisfied (satisfechos) returned home (volver.. a casa).