Бесплатный фрагмент - 11—20-й тесты, английский язык, ЕГЭ на базе материалов ФИПИ
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Сборник вариантов заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Таблица ответов, скрипты и ссылка на аудиофайлы размещены в конце сборника.
TEST 11
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. Sleeping well is important to be healthy.
2. The quality of your sleep depends on where you are.
3. Sleeping problems are connected with ageing.
4. Modern gadgets can negatively affect your sleep.
5. Everybody must improve their sleeping habits.
6. Sports can help people to sleep better.
7. Thinking too much before bedtime is a bad idea.
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Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F
Утверждение
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2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
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A. Emily’s history class requires a lot of effort.
B. Grandparents of Sam’s friend are his grandparents’ neighbours.
C. Sam didn’t see his parents for two months.
D. Emily wouldn’t want to spend her summer like Sam.
E. In June Emily was away from home.
F. Emily’s family plan to visit Greece again.
G. Emily won’t be able to show Sam her photos.
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Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F — G
Утверждение
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. Samuel Jeffrey is NOT introduced by the presenter as…
1) a teacher.
2) a traveler.
3) a patriot.
Ответ:
4. Samuel Jeffery considers teaching abroad to be…
1) a way of getting to know the world.
2) a risky experience.
3) the best way to earn one’s living.
Ответ:
5. What encouraged Samuel Jeffrey to start teaching English?
1) The improvement of his teaching skills.
2) Desire to work abroad.
3) His work with Korean students.
Ответ:
6. Which of the following is TRUE about Samuel Jeffrey’s teaching English in Korea?
1) It was poorly paid.
2) The students were boring.
3) It left him time for other activities.
Ответ:
7. Which of the following does Samuel Jeffrey NOT mention as something the teacher’s salary depends on?
1) Teacher’s experience.
2) Teacher’s age.
3) Teacher’s qualifications.
Ответ:
8. According to Samuel Jeffrey, what advantage is unique to teaching abroad and not found by simply traveling?
1) An ability to save money.
2) A better study of a new culture.
3) Feeling of belonging in a local community.
Ответ:
9. What advice does Samuel Jeffrey give to those wishing to teach English abroad?
1) Try to learn everything there is to about the prospective school.
2) Stay away from ESL industry.
3) Learn how to recognize the tricky operators.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Circles on the Water
2. Ancient Ancestor
3. Different Explanations
4. Unexpected Invention
5. Solution to the Problem
6. Hidden Menace
7. Artificial Eye
8. Significant Benefits
A. Chocolate chip cookies were actually a mistake! One day in 1903, Ruth Wakefield, while baking a batch of cookies, noticed she was out of bakers’ chocolate! As a substitute she broke some semi-sweetened chocolate into small pieces and put them in the dough. She thought that the chocolate would melt in the dough and the dough would absorb it. When she opened up the oven, she realized she had invented the tasty treat called chocolate chip cookies!
B. Computers originally began as calculators. The first calculator was made by Blaise Pascal. It only had eight buttons, and it could only do addition and subtraction. There was a set of wheels, and all of the wheels had the numbers zero through nine on them. The wheels were connected by gears and each turn of one wheel would turn the next wheel one-tenth of a turn. This machine was completed in 1642 when Blaise was twenty-one years old.
C. A helicopter has a big advantage over an airplane, especially when people might be trapped in a tight place like on a mountain, where there is not much space to land, or on the water. They are also used for rescuing people from burning buildings or from trees when there are floods. Without the helicopter as a rescue vehicle, many people would lose their lives because the rescuers would be unable to reach them if they were in a difficult area.
D. Cars have always caused air pollution. In the past, there was a lot more air pollution created by cars than there is today. In the future, there will probably be even less. Two good ways for pursuing the dream of less air pollution are cars that run on solar energy and cars that run on fuel cells. Solar energy and fuel cells don’t cause pollution because they do not give off any exhaust.
E. Reporter Rob Spence is planning to have a camera embedded in his eye socket and become a «bionic reporter’. Spence, who lost one of his eyes when he was young, says he has a prototype in development and that one day the replacement of even healthy eyes with bionic ones may become commonplace. «It seems shocking now, but it will become more and more normal,» he said.
F. Crop circles have been appearing in fields all over the world for the past 30 years. There have been suggestions that they are made by flying saucers landing and flattening the crops, or even that they are messages left by visiting aliens. Others think they are created by microwave beams from satellites orbiting the Earth. Other more rational suggestions are that crop circles are man-made hoaxes, attempting to convince the public of extra-terrestrial life on Earth.
G. The Egyptian Pyramids have always been surrounded by mystery. When Egyptologists began to open the tombs of the pharaohs, rumours abounded that anyone who raided them would be cursed. Many think a curse was to blame for the death of Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to open King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1923. He died of pneumonia after being bitten by a mosquito a few weeks after the tomb was opened.
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Ответ…. A — B — C — D — E — F — G
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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
The Study of Life
Biology means the study of life and it is the science which investigates all living things. Even in the days before recorded history, people knew and passed on information about plants and animals. Prehistoric people survived by learning ___ (A). Farming would not have developed if they had not begun to understand that animals could produce food like milk and eggs.
The ancient Egyptians studied the life cycle of insects and understood the part that insects and pollen played in the life cycle of plants. The ancient Mesopotamians even kept animals in ___ (B). The ancient Greeks, too, were greatly interested in understanding the world around them. Aristotle recorded his observations of plants and animals, and his successor, Theophrastus, wrote the first books on plant life, ___ (C).
Modern biology really began in the 17th century. At that time, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, in Holland, invented the microscope and William Harvey, in England, described the circulation of blood. The microscope allowed scientists to discover bacteria, ___ (D). And new knowledge about how the human body works allowed others to find more effective ways of treating illnesses.
In the middle of the 19th century, unnoticed by anyone else, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, created his Laws of Inheritance, beginning the study of genetics ___ (E). At the same time, while travelling around the world, Charles Darwin was formulating the central principle of modern biology-natural selection as the basis of evolution.
In the 20th century, biologists began to recognize how plants and animals live and pass on their genetically coded information to the next generation. Since then, partly because of developments in computer technology, there have been great advances in the field of biology, ___ (F).
1. who were very dangerous
2. that is such an important part of biology today
3. which made a very important contribution to the study of botany
4. which plants were good to eat and which could be used for medicine
5. what were the earliest zoological gardens
6. which led to an understanding of the causes of disease
7. which is an area of ever-growing knowledge
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Ответ …. A — B — C — D — E — F
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Hitchhiker
As Andrea turned off the motorway onto the road to Brockbourne, the small village in which she lived, it was four o’clock in the afternoon, but already the sun was falling behind the hills. At this time in December, it would be completely dark by five o’clock. Andrea shivered. The interior of the car was not cold, but the trees bending in the harsh wind and the patches of yesterday’s snow still heaped in the fields made her feel chilly inside. It was another ten miles to the cottage where she lived with her husband Michael, and the dim light and wintry weather made her feel a little lonely.
She was just coming out of the little village of Mickley when she saw an old lady, standing by the road, with a crude hand-written sign saying «Brockbourne’ in her hand. Andrea was surprised. She had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before. However, the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady, waiting hopefully on a country road like this with little traffic. Normally, Andrea would never pick up a hitchhiker when she was alone, thinking it was too dangerous, but what was the harm in doing a favor for a little old lady like this? Andrea pulled up a little way down the road, and the lady, holding a big shopping bag, hurried over to climb in the door which Andrea had opened for her.
When she did get in, Andrea could see that she was not, in fact, so little. Broad and fat, the old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the car door, with her big bag, and when she had got in, she more than filled the seat next to Andrea. She wore a long, shabby old dress, and she had a yellow hat pulled down low over her eyes. Panting noisily from her effort, she pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet, and said in a voice which was almost a whisper, «Thank you dearie. I’m just going to Brockbourne.»
«Do you live there?» asked Andrea, thinking that she had never seen the old lady in the village in the four years she had lived there herself. «No, dearie,» answered the passenger, in her soft voice, «I’m just going to visit a friend. He was supposed to meet me back there at Mickley, but his car won’t start, so I decided to hitchhike. I knew some kind soul would give me a lift.»
Something in the way the lady spoke, and the way she never turned her head, but stared continuously into the darkness ahead from under her old yellow hat, made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker. She didn’t know why, but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong, something odd, something.. dangerous. But how could an old lady be dangerous? It was absurd. Careful not to turn her head, Andrea looked sideways at her passenger. She studied the hat, the dirty collar of the dress, the shapeless body, the arms with their thick black hairs.. Thick black hairs? Hairy arms? Andrea’s blood froze. This wasn’t a woman. It was a man.
At first, she didn’t know what to do. Then suddenly, an idea came into her terrified brain. Swinging the wheel suddenly, she threw the car into a skid, and brought it to a halt. «My God!» she shouted, «A child! Did you see the child? I think I hit her!» The «old lady’ was clearly shaken by the sudden skid. «I didn’t see anything dearie,» she said. «I don’t think you hit anything.» «I’m sure it was a child!» insisted Andrea. «Could you just get out and have a look? Just see if there’s anything on the road?» She held her breath. Would her plan work?
It did. The passenger slowly opened the car door, leaving her bag inside, and climbed out to investigate. As soon as she was out of the vehicle, Andrea gunned the engine and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.
It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her. Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity of the old woman who was actually not an old woman. Pulling into the side of the road, Andrea lifted the heavy bag onto her lap and opened it curiously. It contained only one item — a small hand axe, with a razor-sharp blade. The axe, and the inside of the bag, were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood. Andrea began to scream.
12. Andrea shivered because…
1) the sun was falling behind the hills.
2) it was chilly inside the car.
3) it was snowing outside.
4) the weather was wintry.
Ответ:
13. Andrea decided to give the old woman a lift because…
1) she normally picked up hitchhikers.
2) she didn’t think it was dangerous.
3) had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before.
4) she was alone.
Ответ:
14. The old lady seemed strange to Andrea since…
1) she wore old shabby clothes.
2) her behaviour was unnatural.
3) she didn’t take off her yellow hat
4) she had a big shopping bag.
Ответ:
15. Andrea suddenly stopped her car because…
1) she thought she had hit a child.
2) the car skidded as there was ice on the road.
3) she wanted to make the passenger get out of the car.
4) she intended to frighten her passenger.
Ответ:
16. Andrea opened the bag because…
1) she was going to find the address of «the old lady’.
2) she would like to use her things.
3) she intended to throw her things away.
4) she wanted to find out who the passenger was.
Ответ:
17. Andrea felt terrified because the hitchhiker turned out to be…
1) a thief.
2) a smuggler.
3) a murderer.
4) a woodcutter.
Ответ:
18. According to the story, Andrea was…
1) resourceful.
2) suspicious.
3) cold-hearted.
4) persistent.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
School Uniforms
Many people believe that uniforms are better than casual clothes for children at school. Uniforms remind the children that they have to follow rules at school.
19. Casual clothes ___________ this. NOT DO
20. With all the children at school ___________ the same clothes, children from rich families dress the same way as children from poorer families. WEAR
21. A uniform also ___________ a feeling that everyone at the same school is part of the same community. CREATE
22. In the 1960s and 1970s, many schools in Britain ___________ having a school uniform because of the expense for parents. STOP
23. Since then, however, a number of these schools ___________ uniforms back. BRING
24. Their new uniforms are more comfortable and more fashionable than uniforms ___________ forty years ago. BE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
The Longest River in the World
25. Many encyclopаedias state with _________ that the River Nile in Africa is the longest river in the world. CONFIDENT
26. Its length is often given as being 6,695 kilometres. However, there are _________ who would question that. SCIENCE
27. Indeed, some would argue that the River Amazon in South America is in fact longer than the Nile. At first sight it seems _________ that we don’t know exactly how long the rivers are. BELIEVE
28. The situation becomes more _________, though, when we consider. UNDERSTAND
29. that there is not always _________about where a river actually starts. AGREE
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Space Programmes
The main argument used against the space programme is that the enormous amount of money it costs could be better spent on solving problems such as poverty and environmental damage here on Earth.
Initially, this view 30 ___________ persuasive, particularly when confronted with how huge the amounts of money we are talking about actually are. Surely, the argument goes, if, instead of sending hundreds of billions of dollars up into space for a pointless walk on the Moon or a few glossy colour photographs of Mars, we channelled the funds into 31 ___________ projects on our own planet, we could solve all the world’s problems in about as short a time as it takes for the space shuttle to circle the globe.
How appealing and — perhaps sadly — how untrue. The fallacy of that argument is in the idea that all of the money allotted to the space programme is wasted in space. It isn’t. None of the money goes into space at 32 ___________. It stays right here on Earth and is fed back into the economy.
Take the astronauts and tens of thousands of other people who are involved in whatever way with the space programme. They spend their salaries — and pay tax on them — here on Earth. That tax is used by governments to do a number of important things: build hospitals and schools, 33 ___________ pensions, pay for the police service and, yes, fund the space programme. Take the cost of all the spacecraft, the technology inside them and the research that’s done to create that technology. All of that money goes to companies here on Earth, companies which pay tax if they 34 ___________ a profit, and pay salaries to their workers, who then pay tax to the government, which builds hospitals, etc.
Looking at it the other way round, what would happen if all the governments in the world which have a space programme 35 ___________ their programmes down tomorrow? Would they have a lot more money to spend on other things? Only for a very short time, because along with the 36 ___________ savings there would be enormous costs from the increased unemployment and reduction in taxes received.
30. 1). sees. 2). sounds. 3). views. 4) hears
Ответ: ____
31. 1). generous. 2). pleasant. 3). worthwhile. 4) optimistic
Ответ: ____
32. 1). once. 2). best. 3). last. 4) all
Ответ: ____
33. 1). provide. 2). donate. 3). contribute. 4) sponsor
Ответ: ____
34. 1). make. 2). build. 3). construct. 4) manufacture
Ответ: ____
35. 1). finished. 2). ended. 3). turned. 4) closed
Ответ: ____
36. 1). urgent. 2). immediate. 3). hurried. 4) fast
Ответ: ____
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mike:
From: Mike@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Hobby
…I’ve got new hobbies — recording birds’ songs and taking pictures of wild life. What hobby do you have? How much time do you spend on it? What do your parents and friends think of your hobby?
Hooray! My elder brother promised to be back home from college on my birthday…
Write an email to Mike.
In your message:
— answer his questions;
— ask 3 questions about his elder brother.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
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Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on what people in Zetland think about switching to electric vehicles. You have found some data on the subject — the results of a survey (see the table below).
Comment on the survey data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
What’s your personal attitude towards electric vehicles?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with using electric vehicles and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of electric cars in future.
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38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what teens use smartphones for in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results оf a survey (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the survey data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
Why are you using your smartphone?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face when using smartphones and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of smartphones in our life.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Test 11. Устная часть
Task 1
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Ecotourism is a recent development in the tourist industry. It was created in its current form in the 1980s but became first well known when the United Nations declared the year 2002 to be the International Year of Ecotourism. Ecotourism is an environmentally responsible travel to natural areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature that promote conservation. These areas have a low visitor impact and provide active socio-economic involvement of local peoples. Many ecotours employ native guides who can help visitors appreciate the natural and cultural significance of their experience. Ecotourism can also provide an economic development for local communities and can increase the level of education among travelers, making them more enthusiastic agents of conservation.
Task 2
Study the advertisement
BUY A NEW GADGET IN OUR COMPUTER SHOP
You are considering to buy a tablet PC, and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes, you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) the amount of internal memory
2) free delivery
3) special offers
4) advantages of the device
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3
Typescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss higher education. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: How many of your peers want to continue their education after high school?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Why do so many people in the modern world go to university?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What advantages does higher education provide?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Are you planning to go to university? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What are the disadvantages of higher education?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.
Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences).
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Task 4
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «Pastime Activities». You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.
• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
• mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of pastime activities;
• mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of pastime activities;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of spending pastime you prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
TEST 12
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1. It’s good to learn more about your future profession before getting a degree.
2. Don’t show off and you won’t get into trouble.
3. Unpleasant accidents with your relatives can put you off traveling abroad.
4. There are always some ways to reduce your travel cost.
5. There are many ways to keep in touch with relatives and friends.
6. Some people don’t want to travel because they’re addicted to local food.
7. A gap year after school can ruin your career prospects.
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Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F
Утверждение
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2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
.
A. Andy’s mother likes it when he plays on his phone.
B. Sarah supports Andy’s mum decision.
C. Andy doesn’t have any health problems.
D. Sarah plays computer games at the weekend.
E. Sarah has daily football training.
F. Andy thought about joining a football team last year.
G. Sarah’s team does not need new players.
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Утверждение … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G Соответствие диалогу
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. As a child, Jack was…
1) very focused on his schoolwork.
2) unable to concentrate in class.
3) eager to learn from his teachers.
Ответ:
4. According to Jack, curiosity means studying the world and…
1) attractive objects.
2) unusual subjects.
3) people themselves.
Ответ:
5. Jack went to an underwater lab because he knew…
1) he had to study the ocean there.
2) it was his last chance to work at this lab.
3) he had never been to the bottom of the ocean before.
Ответ:
6. In 31 days Jack and his team were able to…
1) do several years of scientific studies in a short time.
2) count the number of white sharks.
3) save some endangered species of fish.
Ответ:
7. According to Jack, the most valuable underwater opportunity was his…
1) engagement in animal behaviour studies.
2) ability to share his finding with the help of technology.
3) chance to test a small underwater lab.
Ответ:
8. In Jack’s opinion, the goal of any adventure is to…
1) acquire knowledge and experience.
2) test one’s limits.
3) share one’s knowledge with others.
Ответ:
9. Jack says, «Nothing is impossible» in relation to…
1) his biggest dream.
2) climate change.
3) the success of future generations.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Capital Punishment
2. Shoplifting
3. Crime Prevention
4. Kidnapping
5. Frightening Changes
.6. Long-Term Effect
7. Virtual Crime
8. Guilty or Not Guilty?
A. The presumption of innocence is a legal right that the accused in criminal trials has in many modern countries. The burden of proof is thus on the prosecution. It has to collect and present enough compelling evidence to convince the jury of the fact that beyond a reasonable doubt the accused has broken the law. In case of remaining doubts, the accused is to be acquitted.
B. Sarah and Lisa always enjoyed hanging out at the mall. But one Saturday, after shopping for jeans, Sarah pulled a new shirt out of her bag. Lisa didn’t remember seeing her buy it. «I didn’t,» Sarah told her. «I lifted it.» Lisa was upset and puzzled. Stealing didn’t seem like something Sarah would do. Sometimes people do not realize the consequences of this crime.
C. Even families living in so-called «safe’ neighbourhoods are concerned. They may feel safe today, but there is always a reminder that violence can intrude at any moment. Polly Klaas and her family no doubt felt safe in Petaluma, California. But on October 1, 1993, she was abducted from her suburban home during a sleepover. If she can be abducted and murdered, so can nearly any other child.
D. The Internet is a great place to find information, make friends, keep in touch with others, and do business. There always are other sides as long as there is a criminal element. As our world becomes more computerized and ever more interconnected, different kinds of computer crimes will continue to grow. These include break-ins of computers to get trade secrets or illegal entry for the thrill and challenge.
E. Movie violence these days is louder and bloodier than ever before. When a bad guy was shot in a black-and-white Western, the most we saw was a puff of smoke and a few drops of fake blood. Now the sights, sounds, and special effects often jar us more than the real thing. Slow motion and pyrotechnics conspire to make movies and TV shows more gruesome than ever.
F. University of Illinois psychologist Leonard Eron studied children at age eight and then again at eighteen. He found that television habits established at the age of eight influenced aggressive behaviour through childhood and adolescent years. The more violent were the programs preferred by boys in the third grade, the more aggressive was their behaviour, both at that time and ten years later.
G. In the debate about execution and human dignity, supporters and opponents of the death penalty have found very little common ground. Since the 18th century, those who wish to abolish the death penalty have stressed the significance of requiring governments to recognize the importance of each individual. However, supporters of this penal practice see nothing wrong with governments deliberately killing terrible people who commit terrible crimes.
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Ответ … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G
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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described ___ (A). Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, ___ (B).
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows to surveillance-focused productions such as Big Brother. Critics say that the term «reality television’ is somewhat of a misnomer ___ (C). The participants of these shows are often put in exotic locations or abnormal situations and are sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, whereas the events on screen are manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television’s appeal is ___ (D). Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, mainly in talent and performance programmes such as Pop Idol, ___ (E).
Some commentators have said that the name «reality television’ is an inaccurate description for several styles of programme included in the genre. In competition-based programmes such as Big Brother and The Real World, producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, ___ (F). Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts
1. the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000
2. though frequently Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity
3. that is rather popular with teenagers
4. because such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality
5. as a form of artificial documentary
6. creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out
7. due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations
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Ответ …. A — B — C — D — E — F
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Harry’s World
It’s best to be here early, especially on Saturdays. The rising pitch of the kettle is whistle joined with the faint hiss from the little blue camping stove. Twenty years old, that stove, found the receipt in a drawer just the other day — a bargain at four pounds fifty — but it always pays to hang onto the receipts. It’s Saturday today. By eight-thirty the staff have all arrived, I can’t hear them directly, but the soft, distant voices of the lifts rising and falling give them away.
Of course, there is routine that measures time doesn’t it? Even the period before Christmas and during the sales that follow, routine is still there, although the time stretches and contracts as the public ebb and flow through the building like an unpredictable tide — routine will still be there, disguised, beneath the surface, an undertow. As the management ritually pull out their hair, thicken their arteries, bark at their coworkers and re-prioritise their priorities — behind it all routine will be waiting. Everyone here is a slave to it.. even if they move on, get married, die.. there will always be others to master, to enslave. I too am a slave to routine.. but I don’t mind.
I look at the long white envelope with my name printed neatly in the centre, its edges slightly curled as though to fend off the surrounding army of clutter on the desk. An intruder. A foreign object.
I go down the stairs and open the main doors. Can’t keep the public waiting. Today is much like any other day. In amongst the structure of routine women drift like ghosts amid the lingerie, touching here, feeling there while husbands linger on the periphery of their erratic orbits, faces masked with bored indifference; in the homeware section, tweed-skirted ladies lift the lids on teapots; sniff, like careful poodles at bowls of Pot Porri, turn everything upside down to check the price and replace it quickly at the approach of an eager assistant. The sun streams through the plate glass windows in great broad beams, igniting every chrome fitting, while tired and wayward children are narrowly missed by my trolley’s wheels.
At 11 o’clock I go to the meeting with Mr. Radcliffe, the manager. He is a fat man, and the smallest motion on his part induces him to break into a sweat. He sits across the desk from me with the air of a man who has never dared to look a day in the eye. He speaks quickly and a little pompously, his eyes drifting toward the clock on the wall more often than my face. He says his words carefully, as though trying to pull each one down with the gravity of his tone. He endeavours to grant some words such as «free time’, «benefit package’, «pension fund’, «hobbies’ and «exemplary service’ an even greater weight of importance, but succeeds only in sweating some more as he glances to the clock.
In the staff canteen at lunchtime I see Mr. Radcliffe again as he orders a main course and two sweets, but this is not an unusual occurrence as far as I am aware. I don’t often come here, preferring to eat in my room upstairs, there I can read uninterrupted. But today I choose the canteen, although even here I am isolated to an island table set for six — that’s fine. I am not so naive to be unaware that I have a certain reputation here — a kind of gruff aloofness. I don’t actually believe this is part of my nature.. or at least it never used to be. I like to be my own man, that’s all. I’ve little time for idle gossip. Years ago, when the new, young starters would arrive in June or July, I was more sociable. They would plague me for tips on the horses, or pop up to my «office’ for a skive or a cup of tea. But it all got a little out of hand. I no longer had any peace. So I became a little testy with them, and my annoyance soon became more organised. I became unpredictable and aggressive, this became a bit of a game, then a habit, and in the end.. finally.. me.
It’s dusk now and the store is quiet again. The kettle rocks gently on the metal frame of the stove. I glance around my room; the rows of books and piles of magazines, the ancient portable television, the radio. I have very few real possessions. What, really, does one man need? I’ve brought the things little by little from the flat. Now I think I have all that is required. I suppose, on occasion, they have suspected I stay here through the night, but that doesn’t bother me. It was a relief to let the flat go completely, I never felt at home there.
I have taken the retirement letter from its envelope and dropped it onto the worn lino. Now it lies there like a broken kite. I will sit here; wait until the mice come out from their hidden places to nibble at its corners and eat its words.
12. The narrator’s stove…
1) was bought in the second-hand shop.
2) was bought twelve years ago.
3) was rather expensive.
4) cost less than its usual price.
Ответ:
13. According to the narrator,
1) the working hours of the store are always the same.
2) there are things that people do regularly.
3) there is always a sale in the shop before Christmas.
4) he hates the routine.
Ответ:
14. While shopping…
1) husbands show real interest in what their wives are buying.
2) ladies examine carefully all the goods.
3) children are easy to control because they are tired.
4) shop assistants don’t want to help customers.
Ответ:
15. Mr Radcliffe…
1) is a tall slim man.
2) always wears a sweater.
3) wants to show his importance.
4) speaks quietly.
Ответ:
16. The narrator usually…
1) chooses the staff canteen to have lunch.
2) has lunch with the management.
3) doesn’t have lunch at all.
4) prefers to read during his lunchtime.
Ответ:
17. The narrator has a reputation of…
1) an unfriendly person not wishing to talk to people.
2) a friendly and sociable person.
3) a person who enjoys gossiping.
4) a person who tests people.
Ответ:
18. The narrator lives in his office because…
1) it is very comfortable.
2) he doesn’t bother to go home.
3) he doesn’t like his flat.
4) he has very few real possessions.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
Telling Stories
19. Books tell stories, films tell stories and we tell one another stories. Telling stories ___________ important since people first sat around a camp fire. BE
20. Back then, hundreds of thousands of years ago, people ___________ stories about things they had done earlier that day while hunting. TELL
21. A hunter could make ___________ sound very brave in his own story. HE
22. They also made up mythical stories, ___________ the world around them and where they came from. EXPLAIN
23. Many of ___________ stories became part of their culture because they were told many times. THAT
24. Long before writing ___________, people learnt stories from their parents and passed them on to their own children. APPEAR.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
Marlon Brando
25. Marlon Brando was perhaps the greatest film actor of his generation. He was born in 1924 and people soon realised that he was ___________. TALENT
26. However, he never did very well at school and he never seemed to be interested in ___________. EDUCATE
.27. When he finally left school, he travelled to New York, where he became a ___________ at drama school. STUDY
28. There, he heard about the ideas of the Russian Konstantin Stanislavski, who had developed a way to bring acting closer to ___________. REAL
29. Brando used Stanislavski’s ideas in his acting and during the 1940s he appeared in ___________ plays on Broadway. VARY
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
A Long Way
«Come on. I’ll help you.» The voice came from the left and Jenny turned her head in that direction.
She was blind, and had been from birth, but even without the sense of sight, she could tell that the voice belonged to a middle-aged man. He touched her on the arm and she pulled back. The guide dog by her side looked up.
«Please,» she said, struggling to keep her anger 30 ___________ control. «That’s very kind of you, but I don’t need any help.»
«Oh,» the man said, and Jenny could imagine the look of confusion on his face. «I’m sorry,» he said finally, and crossed the road. People just didn’t seem to realise that there was a huge difference between offering help and trying to take control of somebody else’s life. Sometimes she 31 ___________ people’s attempts to help funny, but not today. Today it was important to 32___________ the impression that she was independent, because today was the first day in her new job.
She waited until the signal from her dog told her that it was safe and she 33 ___________ off across the road. When they reached the other side, she paused for a second to 34 ___________ herself of the way and then continued. After a few days in the job, her dog would have learnt the way, but for now Jenny had to 35 ___________ the distance to the right building. She counted her steps and listened. To anyone who could see, it would have seemed like a quiet street, but Jenny concentrated on the small sounds: her footsteps, a car going past, the bell on a bicycle. They helped her judge when she was coming close to the corner of the street, where she knew number 116 stood. They got there and she stopped. She patted her dog on the head. «Well, boy, this is it,» she said. She knew there would be many challenges ahead. There always were.
But at least she had overcome the first one: 36___________ to the building. She stepped inside.
30. 1). in. 2). on. 3). behind. 4) under
Ответ: ____
31. 1). took. 2). found. 3). kept. 4) caught
Ответ: ____
32. 1). give. 2). hand. 3). throw. 4) send
Ответ: ____
33. 1). made. 2). came. 3). put. 4) set
Ответ: ____
34. 1). remember. 2). recall. 3). remind. 4) recollect
Ответ: ____
35. 1). locate. 2). estimate. 3). discover. 4) reveal
Ответ: ____
36. 1). being. 2). getting. 3). making. 4) bringing
Ответ: ____
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Joan:
From: Joan@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Summer weather
…When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains? How do you protect yourself from bad weather?
I bought new shoes two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store…
Write an email to Joan.
In your message:
— answer his questions;
— ask 3 questions about her new shoes.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing. Music Genre. Popularity
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Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on what music genres are popular among teens in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of a survey (see the table below).
Comment on the survey data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
What music genre do you prefer?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with music genres and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of genres in music.
***
38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on why teenagers in Zetland started buying more books. You have found some data on the subject — the results оf survey (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the survey data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
Why did you start buying more books?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face when selling books and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of growth of book sales.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Test 12. Устная часть
Task 1
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Thirty years ago, there were some 2 million king penguins on France’s remote island of Ile aux Cochons. It is located in the Indian Ocean, between Africa and Antarctica. But satellite pictures show that the population has almost entirely disappeared. A recent study published in the journal Antarctic Science estimates that only 200,000 of the penguins are left. The reason for the decline is unknown. Scientists say disease could be a factor. Another reason could be overcrowding. King penguins relocate when they can no longer compete for food. But an even more alarming trend may be playing a part: climate change. Penguins like to hunt and fish in icy waters. But as air temperatures get warmer, so do the oceans. The penguins have to swim farther away from the island to reach cold water.
Task 2
Study the advertisement
You are considering visiting the Cesky Krumlov city and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) the most popular sights of the city
2) price for the family of three
3) recommendations
4) services that they provide during the trip
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3
Typescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss summer holidays. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: What part of Russia do you live in? What’s the weather like in summer there?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What else would you like our listeners to know about your region?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What can you tell us about your family?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How did you use to spend your summer holidays when you were seven?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How would you like to spend your summer holidays in 10 years?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
.
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.
Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences).
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Task 4
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «Hobbies». You have found some photos to illustrate it, but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.
• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
• mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of hobbies;
• mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of hobbies;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of fishing you’d prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
TEST 13
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1. There are house chores that keep you fit.
2. Make your house chores enjoyable!
3. Sharing responsibilities is the best way.
4. Why spoil childhood with house chores?
5. No decorations is better than hard work.
6. Have your child do house chores gladly!
7. Technology is the answer to house chores.
***
Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F
Утверждение
***
2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. The tourist has never been to Russia.
B. The tourist wants to see both Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
C. The tourist loves evening excursions.
D. The manager thinks Saint Basil’s Cathedral isn’t worth seeing.
E. The tourist will have some time for shopping in Moscow.
F. The tourist hopes to visit a show in the State Kremlin Palace.
G. The tourist wants to buy a tour straight away.
***
Утверждение … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G Соответствие диалогу
***
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What does the presenter say about Jane Bliss?
1) She is in the movie industry.
2) She is not particularly rich.
3) She worked for the United Nations.
Ответ:
4. During her first visit to Cambodia Jane realized she…
1) knew little about the life of people there.
2) was risking her life all the time.
3) couldn’t walk on her own anywhere.
Ответ:
5. What does Jane say about people in Cambodia?
1) They have a rich culture and history.
2) Their life is very hard.
3) They are not very hospitable.
Ответ:
6. Why did Jane choose the United Nations to work with?
1) It was the only one working in Cambodia.
2) She trusted this organization very much.
3) They offered her a position.
Ответ:
7. What is Jane’s main purpose in her work in Cambodia?
1) To make people aware of how dangerous the situation is.
2) To attract money and investors to the area for helping the refugees.
3) To make Cambodian people free and less shy.
Ответ:
8. Which of the following is NOT true about life in Cambodia now?
1) There are no roads.
2) People earn very little.
3) Charities play important role there.
Ответ:
9. What does Jane say about her life in Cambodia?
1) It was difficult to find a bathroom.
2) She found a lot of landmines.
3) It was hard to be under permanent stress.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Recognize Your Limitations
2. Take a Rest
3. Clear Out Distractions
4. Have Help Handy
5. Plan Your Work
6. Stay Calm Under Pressure
7. Work With Interest
8. Stay Focused
A. The overriding idea is to go for simplicity. A quiet basement, a library table or the ground next to a big tree outside allow you to focus on what you’re doing. Examples of poor locations would include the kitchen table, common areas where you’re likely to encounter friends, or even your own room, as it’s usually stocked with a computer, television, and video games that seem a lot more appealing than what you’re doing. You have to remove yourself far enough from any potential disturbance. This is the key to any successful session of work.
B. Making your work relate to your leisure activities or hobbies eliminates much of the tedium associated with it. Whenever possible, make your schoolwork centre around something you love, and run with it. Essay assignment? Write about your favourite hobby. History report? Write about your favourite historical battle. Just pick anything to make your reports and assignments less mundane. As long as you meet all the requirements of the assignment, the rest is yours to choose.
C. It’s okay to reward a long session of hard work with a quick break here or there. Eat something, watch a TV show, play a bit of your favourite video game, pick up a musical instrument and practise a little bit. Trying to work too long at too hard a pace without a break is only going to spoil your work in the end, as you’ll start to tire, grow apathetic, and make mistakes. Taking semi-frequent breaks proportional to the amount of time you spent working keeps your mind fresh and your spirits up.
D. Ultimately, you are going to have to make executive decisions about the importance of various assignments relative to how much time and effort you’re expending on them. Don’t get bogged down worrying about finishing a small assignment that is worth a negligible fraction of your grade if it means that finishing it will cost you important points on a far more important project or paper for another class. Always rank assignments based on their due date and importance. In the grand scheme of things, it’s always best to do what will get you the best overall average of grade points.
E. If you have multiple assignments to do, don’t try and work on more than one at a time. Pick the most immediately due assignment and stick with it like glue until it’s done. Then move on to the next most pressing assignment. This way, you resist the temptation to bypass hard, looming assignments to jump to easier but less pressing assignments for your sense of accomplishment. Concentrating your efforts on one task is the key to any successful session of work.
F. Often, you’ll be tempted to pull all-nighters simply to get things done and out of your head. This is extremely counterproductive. If you feel very tired, you can just drop off at any moment. If you sense you’re giving less and less effort to your work, then stop. It’s always better to pick it up the next day when you’re focused than to run a marathon all night and wind up with substandard work that you aren’t proud of.
G. It’s not always easy to stay on the ball in college, but if you know how to stay calm, and make your assignments work for you, you can simplify things tremendously. If you have no idea how to even start an assignment, always feel free to contact your professor, campus tutoring office, or even your parents for advice. Don’t let your fears get in the way of your doing well. If asking a professor for assistance is the difference between a C and an A on an assignment, you should not care about your pride, you should care about your college marks.
***
Ответ … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G
***
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Cooling Buildings
Solar panels on the roof aren’t just providing clean power; they are cooling the house. Using thermal imaging, researchers determined that during the day, a building’s ceiling was 5 degrees Fahrenheit cooler under solar panels than under an exposed roof. At night, the panels help hold heat in, ___ (A).
As solar panels sprout on an increasing number of residential and commercial roofs, it becomes more important to consider their impact on buildings’ total energy costs. Data for the study was gathered over three days on the roof of the San Diego School of Engineering with a thermal infrared camera. The building is equipped with tilted solar panels and solar panels ___ (B). Some portions of the roof are not covered by panels.
The panels essentially act as roof shades. Rather than the sun beating down onto the roof, ___ (C), photovoltaic panels take the solar beating. Then much of the heat is removed by wind blowing between the panels and the roof. The benefits are greater if there is an open gap ___ (D), so tilted panels provide more cooling. Also, the more efficient the solar panels, the bigger the cooling effect. For the building researchers analyzed, the panels reduced the amount of heat reaching the roof by about 38 percent.
Although the measurements took place over a limited period of time, the team developed a model that allows them to extrapolate their findings to predict cooling effects throughout the year.
For example, in winter, the panels would keep the sun from heating up the building. But at night, they would also keep in ___ (E).
There are more efficient ways to passively cool buildings ___ (F). But, if you are considering installing solar photovoltaic, depending on your roof thermal properties, you can expect a large reduction in the amount of energy you use to cool your residence or business.
1. which causes heat to be pushed through the roof
2. where air can circulate between the building and the solar panel
3. that are flush with the roof
4. such as reflective roof membranes
5. reducing heating costs in the winter
6. that was not covered with panels
7. whatever heat accumulated inside
***
Ответ …. A — B — C — D — E — F
***
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Missing
Since he was a boy, Sean Ireton has been an ardent hiker, climbing mountain trails all over the world. Even on family trips, it was typical for him to take a day by himself to knock off a tempting peak. In January 2009, he and his wife, Megan, planned a two-week backpacking adventure in Spain with their son, Aidan. They took off in December and spent their days touring and hiking in the southern mountains, making time to sample the regional cuisine and enjoy the country’s robust red wines along the way. Sean was looking forward especially to a solo hike on El Mulhacen, a rocky knob in Spain’s Sierra Nevada and, at 3478m, the highest peak on the Spanish mainland. From Mulhacen on a clear day you could see all the way across the Mediterranean to Morocco.
When they got near Pradollano, a ski village near Mulhacen, the family pitched their tent in the woods. At this time of year, the mountain’s snowy trails were well packed and straightforward, requiring a hiker to travel at only a moderate clip to reach Mulhacen’s broad summit in about four hours. Early the next morning, Sean put on several layers of warm clothes and set out under a purple and golden sunrise.
Now it was dark, and Sean’s wife and son lay in their tent and worried. «When is Dad coming back?» Aidan asked Megan over and over. «Why isn’t he back yet?»
«He’ll be back soon, sweetie,» his mother reassured him. In the past her husband had returned late from excursions. But this was pushing it, so sometime after midnight, Megan got up and took Aidan into town to look for help. The ordinarily lively village was deserted, the motionless chairlifts hanging eerily in the dark. Megan didn’t speak Spanish, and a hotel clerk’s directions just sent them in circles. They had to wait till morning. «Aidan was so upset,» Megan recalls. «He sensed something was wrong. He had that child’s intuition.»
Sean had neared Mulhacen’s summit by mid-afternoon but turned around a few hundred metres from the top when the trail became dangerously steep and icy. Clouds blew in as he descended, and he veered off track. By the time he realised his mistake, daylight was fading, and it had begun to drizzle. «I was getting wet, and it was growing dark fast,» he recalls. Luckily, he spied a crude stone shelter nearby. «I didn’t want to get lost and end up on the other side of the mountain, so I decided to spend the night in the hut.»
Inside, it was dark and clammy, but there was a table, wooden bunks, and even some foam padding for a bed. Sean ate a chocolate bar from his backpack, and settled in. It would be an easy hike back to camp in the morning, and he imagined his family’s relief when he returned unharmed.
Sean was on foot again by 6 a.m., tracking his way across a broad bowl and up a steep, snowy slope. On the other side of the ridge there was the ski area, and from there he could practically jog down the slopes. He made good progress until a storm suddenly swept over the ridge and nearly blew him off his feet. In minutes, he was caught in a white-out. «If I can just make the ridge, I’m home free,» Sean thought, as he powered forward, bending against the gale.
But the ridge never appeared, and Sean knew it was crazy to stay on the exposed slope. He’d have to find an alternative route. He had no idea where he was but thought he could make out a trail still farther below.
Sean studied the snow in front of him. It looked hard and slick. He regretted that he hadn’t brought his crampons — sharp spikes that attach to hiking boots — or an ice axe, which would have helped ensure safe passage. All he had was a pair of trekking poles. He reached out a foot to test the frozen surface and gradually brought his weight down. For a moment, he balanced but then his feet shot out from under him, and he began tumbling down the steep slope. He accelerated as he fell, rolling wildly over rocks and snow. When he came to rest, far below from where he had stood, he was in a seated position as if he’d just plopped down to have a snack. It would have been comical if he hadn’t been so stunned.
He sat for a while and gathered his wits. He was wearing only a ski hat but his head seemed OK. Then Sean looked down at his legs. The long underwear covering his left leg was shredded, and bright red blood soaked the abraded flesh around his kneecap.
He gingerly inspected the wound. With effort, he got back on his feet, but his injured leg buckled beneath him, and he fell face-first into the snow. He felt a hot surge of alarm. He was kilometres away from help, and certainly no one would come through this area for days, maybe weeks. He sat in the snow, on the verge of despair.
12. The main aim of Sean’s visit to Spain was…
1) to climb the highest peak on the Spanish mainland.
2) touring and walking.
3) to try the regional cuisine.
4) to enjoy the country’s robust red wines.
Ответ:
13. At that time of year, the mountain’s snowy trails were…
1) icy.
2) slippery.
3) difficult.
4) uncomplicated.
Ответ:
14. Megan and Aidan had to wait till morning because…
1) Megan didn’t speak Spanish.
2) the chairlifts didn’t work at night.
3) they couldn’t find any help.
4) a hotel clerk’s directions were wrong.
Ответ:
15. Sean…
1) reached Mulhacen’s summit by mid-afternoon.
2) lost his way.
3) descended until dawn.
4) decided to spend the night in the wooden hut.
Ответ:
.
16. Sean could not make the ridge because…
1) it was too far.
2) he was very tired.
3) of a blizzard.
4) of a strong wind and poor visibility.
Ответ:
17. Sean fell down the slope because…
1) a strong wind was blowing.
2) the slope was too steep.
3) he didn’t have special equipment.
4) he didn’t use his trekking poles.
Ответ:
18. While falling, Sean…
1) was not injured.
2) injured his head.
3) shattered his kneecap.
4) broke his leg.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
The News on TV
19. Before television, people often ___________ to the cinema to watch the news. GO
20. In those days, they ___________ also listen to the news on the radio but they weren’t able to see anything. CAN
21. Of course, newspapers ___________ people the news for hundreds of years. GIVE
22. Even today, however, a daily newspaper gives ___________ readers yesterday’s news and the only pictures are photographs. IT
23. The introduction of television ___________ the daily news, with moving pictures, into people’s homes for the first time. BRING
24. In the beginning, people ___________ the news on TV whenever they wanted it, because it was only broadcast at certain times of the day. NOT GET
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
Mary Celeste
25. What happened to the ship the Mary Celeste is a mystery that remains unsolved to this day. Built in 1861, the ship was ___________ called the Amazon ORIGIN
26. But its name was changed to the Mary Celeste in 1869. The Mary Celeste left New York for Italy on 7th November 1872 with a crew of seven professional ___________ and the captain’s wife and daughter. SAIL
27. On 4th December, another ship, the Dei Gratia, spotted the Mary Celeste drifting in the sea. To the crew’s ______________, they discovered that everyone on ASTONISH
28. the Mary Celeste had ___________ disappeared. COMPLETE
29._ There was plenty of food and water on board and the ship was in _________ condition. EXCELLENCE
There were no signs of a struggle or fight.
***
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Old Friend
Dear Claire,
It was wonderful to receive your e-mail yesterday. I can’t believe it’s over six years since we were last in touch. How time flies! It was great to hear all your news, and thank you so much for attaching those photos of you and the family. You haven’t aged a bit, and look as beautiful as ever! I’m still living in the same flat in Rome, but it looks very different to when you were here last. I’ve totally redecorated and knocked the wall through from the kitchen to the living room to make a large living 30 ___________. It’s a lot more comfortable for me because — and this is my other big news — I now work from home as a full-time writer! You remember that novel I always said I was writing? Well, I finished it, sent it off to a publisher and it was accepted for publication. This was about three years ago. The book 31___________ out in hardback first and got some fairly good reviews in the Sunday newspapers in the UK, and last year they produced a paperback 32 ___________! Can you believe it? I’m not rich yet by any means, but I am earning enough from royalties to have been able to 33 ___________ my job. I’m now hard at work on my second novel — let’s just hope it doesn’t take as long to write as the first one! Actually, it’s 34 ___________ well and I hope to have finished it within the next six months or so.
I’ll be coming over to the UK the first week of next month. I’d love to meet up! Let me know when you’re free and we’ll arrange it. I can either come over to your 35 ___________ and meet the family, or maybe just you and I can go out to dinner somewhere and 36 ___________ up on old times. Whatever you prefer. I’ll be staying at a hotel in London and will only have a couple of meetings while I’m there, so I should be free most of the time. Let me know, and see you soon, I hope!
Lots of love,
Celine
30. 1). space. 2). opening. 3). hole. 4) gap
Ответ: ____
31. 1). brought. 2). sent. 3). came. 4) printed
Ответ: ____
32. 1). issue. 2). edition. 3). copy. 4) reproduction
Ответ: ____
33. 1). depart. 2). vacate. 3). abandon. 4) quit
Ответ: ____
34. 1). going. 2). making. 3). taking. 4) having
Ответ: ____
35. 1). point. 2). position. 3). location. 4) place
Ответ: ____
36. 1). carry. 2). hold. 3). catch. 4) bring
Ответ: ____
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:
From: Mary@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Food
…I never eat breakfast, just like my mother. Do you have any special eating habits and what are they? What do you usually have for lunch at school? Can you give me the recipe of the dish you often cook yourself?
Last Saturday, our family went to the zoo…
Write an email to Mary.
In your message:
— answer his questions;
— ask 3 questions about the zoo.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
***
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on why people in Zetland prefer living in the countryside. You have found some data on the subject — the results of survey (see the table below).
Comment on the survey data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
Why do you prefer living in the countryside?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with living in the countryside and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the advantages of living in the countryside.
***
38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on why public transport is popular with people in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results оf a survey (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the survey data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The survey question:
Why public transport is better than the other means?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face when travelling by public transport and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of public transport.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Test 13. Устная часть
Task 1
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Monarch butterfly populations in California reached a historic low in 2018, according to a new count. It estimates that the number of monarchs dropped 86% from 2017. Experts say monarchs are in danger of extinction in the next several decades if nothing is done to save the species.
Each year, environmental groups count monarch butterflies in California. They do so at 97 sites across the state. Last year, they counted fewer than 30,000 butterflies. 2018 was a tough year to be a monarch butterfly in the West. Weather conditions may be one reason for the drop in numbers. But other factors could also be at play. These include habitat loss and pesticides. Climate change could also be making an impact. What people can and should be working on is addressing and reversing widespread habitat oss and pesticide use throughout the monarch’s range.
Task 2
Study the advertisement
You are considering visiting London transport museum and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes, you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) location of the museum
2) discounts for children
3) working hours
4) the most popular exhibit in the museum
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.
Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences).
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Typescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia, and we are going to discuss IT. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: How has technology affected education in recent years?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Do you think online classes will replace in-person ones?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Should schools put more emphasis on teaching children IT?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What person would you consider the best in the field of IT?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Do you have any friends who plan to work in IT?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Task 4
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «Travelling on two wheels».
You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.
In 2.5 minutes be ready to:
• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
• mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling;
• mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of travelling you’d prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
TEST 14
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1. Save your children from this nightmare!
2. Playing a musical instrument is educational.
3. Listening to classical music is healthy.
4. Classical music is similar to literature.
5. It’s just too much effort for the parent!
6. Classical music is an excellent background.
7. Watching musicians is like watching sport.
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Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F
Утверждение
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2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. Ellen went camping with her family.
B. Ellen spent two weeks at a camp site in Karelia.
C. Ellen’s family has a three-person tent.
D. Nick is afraid of rafting.
E. Nick has spent last two weeks getting ready for school.
F. Nick and Ellen like their last year History teacher.
G. Ellen doesn’t have good marks in history.
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Утверждение … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G Соответствие диалогу
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the beginning of Sandra’s career?
1) She started with several sitcoms.
2) She thinks her roles were very good.
3) Her first film was a major success.
Ответ:
4. What does Sandra say about her role in the film «Winter’?
1) She had to play a complicated personage.
2) She was nominated for Oscar for it.
3) She had to accept a lot of criticism for it.
Ответ:
5. What does Sandra do when she wants a part in a certain film?
1) She writes letters to the film director.
2) She tries to make the director aware of her desire.
3) She simply waits for the invitation.
Ответ:
6. According to Sandra, a film director should not refuse a willing actor because this person may…
1) be highly motivated.
2) suit the part perfectly.
3) feel offended.
Ответ:
7. What does Sandra say about going from movie to movie?
1) She chooses to stick to her plan.
2) She always considers the next film budget.
3) She goes from what is available.
Ответ:
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sandra’s roles?
1) They are equally important to her.
2) They are somehow gloomy.
3) They are of some artistic quality.
Ответ:
9. What does Sandra enjoy most about the film «Winter’?
1) It has a narrative plot.
2) The camerawork.
3) The way she reveals her character.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Health Problem
2. Significant Difference
3. Fashions in Food
4. New Weapon
5. The Price of Success
6. Holiday Regulations
7. Strong Competitor
8. Psychological Barrier
A. Nowadays, potatoes are the «in’ thing so far as health is concerned. In the 60s and 70s we were told to avoid them at all costs for fear of getting fat, but now they have been reinvented by the dieticians as a source of fibre and vitamins. Sensible people, like you and me, have always eaten them because they taste so good.
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